EMPLOYEE ATTITUDE TOWARDS ATTRIBUTES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AS A DETERMINANT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS
By
AGBOOLA, GBENGA MAYOWA (CU021030011)
Presented To
Department of Business Administration and Management
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at measuring employee attitude towards technological change as a
determinant of organizational performance in Nigerian Commercial Banks. The study utilized descriptive survey design and was based on the Technology Acceptance Model 2. A simple random sampling method was used to select three hundred and sixty six participants from seventeen commercial banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. Five hypotheses were posed to guide the study and a structured questionnaire was employed to collect data. Demographic data were presented using frequency tables, and cross-tabulations while the five hypotheses were analyzed using inter-item correlations, Pearson moment correlation, partial correlation, standard multiple regression, hierarchical multiple regression and one-way ANOVA. Major findings showed that attributes of Technological Change (Technical Complexity â€" TC and Systemic Shift â€" SS) significantly contributed to Subjective Norms (SN) surrounding bank employees’ use of new IT and two measures of employees’ Attitude Determinants (Perceived Usefulness â€" PC and Perceived Ease of Use â€" PEU). In addition, Subjective Norms (SN) of employees and two measures of employees’ Attitude Determinants (Perceived Usefulness â€" PU and Perceived Ease of Use â€" PEU) significantly contributed to Employees’ Behaviour (EB) to use new IT. Finally, employee behaviour to use new IT significantly contributed to the prediction of four measures of Organizational Performance (Innovative Performance, Market Performance, Service Rendering Performance, and Financial Performance). The result of this study implies that the independent variables that have been found to have significant contributions should be
taken into consideration when commercial banks management team desire to improve
organizational performance of the banks. On the premise of these findings, it is therefore, recommended that management team in commercial banks in Nigeria should ensure that employees’ are involved in the procurement and adoption of new IT in banks and also provide enabling environment for employees to have positive attitude towards the attributes of technological change which will culminate into employees’ positive behaviour and excellent performance of commercial banks in Nigeria.
Keywords: Employee Attitude, Attributes of Technological Change, Organizational
Performance, Subjective Norms, Attitude determinants, Employee Behaviour,
This study aimed at measuring employee attitude towards technological change as a
determinant of organizational performance in Nigerian Commercial Banks. The study utilized descriptive survey design and was based on the Technology Acceptance Model 2. A simple random sampling method was used to select three hundred and sixty six participants from seventeen commercial banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. Five hypotheses were posed to guide the study and a structured questionnaire was employed to collect data. Demographic data were presented using frequency tables, and cross-tabulations while the five hypotheses were analyzed using inter-item correlations, Pearson moment correlation, partial correlation, standard multiple regression, hierarchical multiple regression and one-way ANOVA. Major findings showed that attributes of Technological Change (Technical Complexity â€" TC and Systemic Shift â€" SS) significantly contributed to Subjective Norms (SN) surrounding bank employees’ use of new IT and two measures of employees’ Attitude Determinants (Perceived Usefulness â€" PC and Perceived Ease of Use â€" PEU). In addition, Subjective Norms (SN) of employees and two measures of employees’ Attitude Determinants (Perceived Usefulness â€" PU and Perceived Ease of Use â€" PEU) significantly contributed to Employees’ Behaviour (EB) to use new IT. Finally, employee behaviour to use new IT significantly contributed to the prediction of four measures of Organizational Performance (Innovative Performance, Market Performance, Service Rendering Performance, and Financial Performance). The result of this study implies that the independent variables that have been found to have significant contributions should be
taken into consideration when commercial banks management team desire to improve
organizational performance of the banks. On the premise of these findings, it is therefore, recommended that management team in commercial banks in Nigeria should ensure that employees’ are involved in the procurement and adoption of new IT in banks and also provide enabling environment for employees to have positive attitude towards the attributes of technological change which will culminate into employees’ positive behaviour and excellent performance of commercial banks in Nigeria.
Keywords: Employee Attitude, Attributes of Technological Change, Organizational
Performance, Subjective Norms, Attitude determinants, Employee Behaviour,
TABLE OF CONTENTS -------------- Page
Title Page-------------- ii
Certification-------------- iii
Declaration-------------- iv
Dedication-------------- v
Acknowledgements------------ vi
Abstract-------------- viii
Table of Contents------------ ix
List of Tables-------------- xii
List of Figures-------------- xviii
List of Charts-------------- xix
List of Models-------------- xx
List of Appendices------------ xxi
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
11 Background to the Study------ 1
12 Statement of Research Problem------4
13 Research Questions--------7
14 Research Objectives--------8
15 Research Hypotheses--------8
16 Significance of the Study------ 9
17 Scope of Study--------10
18 Limitations of the Study------ 11
19 Outline of Chapters--------11
110 Operationalization of the Research Topic---- 12
111 Research Hypotheses Model------ 14
112 Operational Definition of Terms------15
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
21 Introduction-------- 18
22 Conceptual Framework------ 18
221 Overview of Information Technology (IT)----18
222 Definition of Technology------19
223 Technology Adoption and Diffusion---- 22
224 The Concept of Technological Change----23
225 Organizations and Information Technologies (IT)-- 25
226 Technology as a Tool and Skill---- 25
227 Researcher’s Conceptual Model---- 26
228 Attributes of Technological Change---- 27
229 Subjective Norms------ 28
2210 Attitude Determinants------ 29
2211 Employee Behaviour to use new IT---- 30
2212 Employees and Technological Change----32
2213 Organizational Performance------34
2214 Technological Change and Organizational Performance--35
2215 Overview of Information Technology (IT) in the Nigerian Banking Sector------38
23 Theoretical Framework------ 40
231 The Innovations Diffusion Theory (IDT)----40
232 The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)----42
23 3 The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)----44
234 The Technology Acceptance Model 1 (TAM 1)-- 46
235 Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM 2)----48
236 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)------49
237 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2)------50
24 Empirical Framework------ 51
25 Conclusion and Gap in Literature------54
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
31 Introduction-------- 57
32 Research methods--------57
33 Research Design--------57
34 Population of the Study------ 58
35 Sampling Size Determination------ 59
36 Sampling Techniques------ 61
37 Sampling Frame--------61
38 Sources of Data--------61
39 Data Collection Procedure------ 62
310 Research Instrument and Design------62
311 Questionnaire Administration------ 64
312 Reliability of Research Instrument------65
313 Validity of Research Instrument------66
314 Method of Data Presentation and Analysis---- 67
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
41 Introduction-------- 68
42 Data Presentation--------68
421 Response Rate of Questionnaire Administered-- 68
422 Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--71
423 Cross-tabulation of Biographical Data----83
43 Frequency Distribution of Independent Variables and Dependent Variables 89
431 The Independent Variable------90
432 The Dependent Variable-------------- 104
433 Linking the Findings of Inter-Item Correlations with the
Conceptual Model Proposed---------- 116
434 Content Analysis of Open Ended Questions-------- 121
44 Test of Hypotheses and Discussion of Results-------- 122
441 Test of Hypothesis One---------- 122
442 Test of Hypothesis Two---------- 133
443 Test of Hypothesis Three---------- 148
444 Test of Hypothesis Four---------- 156
445 Test of Hypothesis Five---------- 167
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
51 Introduction------------ 192
52 Summary of Research Findings---------- 192
521 Summary of Theoretical Findings-------- 192
522 Summary of Empirical Findings-------- 194
53 Conclusion------------ 198
54 Recommendations------------ 199
541 Employees------------ 199
542 Management of Commercial Banks-------- 200
55 Contributions to Knowledge---------- 200
56 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research-------- 201
REFERENCES------------ 203
APPENDICES------------ 219
LIST OF TABLES
Table 31: Reliability Statistics------ 65
Table 32: Reliability Scale of key Measures---- 65
Table 33: Split-Half Reliability Statistics---- 66
Table 41: Total Response Rate for Questionnaire Administered and Retrieved--------70
Table 42a: Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--71
Table 42b: Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--74
Table 42c: Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--76
Table 43: Distribution of Respondents’ Familiarity with Bank IT--78
Table 44: Distribution of â€�“Years of IT Usageâ€Â�---- 81
Table 45: Distribution of Respondents’ Adequacy of IT Usage-- 83
Table 46: Cross-tabulation of Age by Gender---- 83
Table 47: Cross-tabulation of Marital Status by Gender-- 84
Table 48: Cross-tabulation of Number of Dependants by Gender--85
Table 49: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by Gender 85
Table 410: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by Gender--86
Table 411: Cross-tabulation of Designation by Gender----87
Table 412: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by Gender--87
Table 413: Cross-tabulation of Department in Bank by Gender-- 88
Table 414: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by Gender----89
Table 430a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Technical Complexity 91
Table 430b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Technical Complexity 92
Table 430c: Descriptive Statistics of Technical Complexity Variable--92
Table 430d: Inter-Item Correlations of Technical Complexity-- 92
Table 430e: Item-Total Correlations of Technical Complexity-- 93
Table 431a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Systemic Shift--93
Table 431b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Systemic Shift--94
Table 431c: Descriptive Statistics of Systemic Shift Variable-- 94
Table 431d: Inter-Item Correlations of Systemic Shift Items-- 94
Table 431e: Item-Total Correlations of Systemic Shift----95
Table 432a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Perceived Usefulness 96
Table 432b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Perceived Usefulness 96
Table 432c: Descriptive Statistics of Perceived Usefulness Variable--96
Table 432d: Inter-Item Correlations of Perceived Usefulness Items--97
Table 432e: Item-Total Correlations of Perceived Usefulness-- 97
Table 433a: Frequency Distribution of Responses measuring Perceived Ease ofUse-------- 98
Table 433b: Descriptive Statistics of Items to Perceived Ease of Use--98
Table 433c: Descriptive Statistics of Perceived Ease of Use Variable--99
Table 433d: Inter-Item Correlations of Perceived Ease of Use Items--99
Table 433e: Item-Total Correlations of Perceived Ease of Use-- 99
Table 434a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Behaviour Determinants 100
Table 434b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Behaviour Determinants 100
Table 434c: Descriptive Statistics of Behaviour Determinants Variable--101
Table 434d: Inter-Item Correlations of Behaviour Determinants Items--101
Table 434e: Item-Total Correlations of Behaviour Determinants-- 101
Table 435a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Subjective Norms--102
Table 435b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Subjective Norms--103
Table 435c: Descriptive Statistics of Subjective Norms Variable-- 103
Table 435d: Inter-Item Correlations of Subjective Norms Items-- 103
Table 435e: Item-Total Correlations of Subjective Norms-- 103
Table 436a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Innovative Performance 105
Table 436b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Innovative Performance 105
Table 436c: Descriptive Statistics of Innovative Performance Variable--105
Table 436d: Inter-Item Correlations of Innovative Performance Items--106
Table 436e: Item-Total Correlations of Innovative Performance-- 106
Table 437a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Service Rendering
Performance--------108
Table 437b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Service
Rendering Performance------108
Table 437c: Descriptive Statistics of Service Rendering Performance Variable 108
Table 437d: Inter-Item Correlations of Service Rendering Performance Items 108
Table 437e: Item-Total Correlations of Service Rendering Performance--109
Table 438a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Market Performance 109
Table 438b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Market Performance 110
Table 438c: Descriptive Statistics of Market Performance Variable--110
Table 438d: Inter-Item Correlations of Market Performance Items--110
Table 438e: Item-Total Correlations of Market Performance-- 111
Table 439a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Financial Performance 112
Table 439b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Financial Performance 112
Table 439c: Descriptive Statistics of Financial Performance Variable--112
Table 439d: Inter-Item Correlations of Financial Performance Items--113
Table 439e: Item-Total Correlations of Financial Performance-- 113
Table 440a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Employee Satisfaction 114
Table 440b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Employee Satisfaction 115
Table 440c: Descriptive Statistics of Employee Satisfaction Variable--115
Table 440d: Inter-Item Correlations of Employee Satisfaction Items--116
Table 440e: Item-Total Correlations of Employee Satisfaction-- 116
Table 441a: Inter-Variable Correlation Matrix---- 120
Table 441b: Distribution of Responses to â€�“Please indicate five (5) other
problems of IT use in this Bankâ€Â�---- 121
Table 441c: Distribution of Responses to â€�“Please to the five (5) problems
above, kindly indicate how your bank management could resolve
themâ€Â�-------- 122
Table 442a: Correlation between Technical Complexity (TC) and Subjective
Norms (SN) in Nigerian Commercial Banks
Table 442b: Correlation between Systemic Shift (SS) and Subjective Norms
(SN) in Nigerian Commercial Banks---- 124
Table 442c: Correlation between Attributes of Technological Change
(ATC) and Subjective Norms (SN) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 125
Table 443a: Model Summaryb(TC & SS vs SN)---- 126
Table 443b: ANOVAb(TC & SS vs SN)------127
Table 443c: Coefficientsa (TC & SS vs SN)---- 127
Table 443d: Model Summary (ATC vs SN)---- 128
Table 443e: ANOVAb (ATC vs SN)------128
Table 443f: Coefficientsa (ATC vs SN)------128
Table 444a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 129
Table 444b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 129
Table 445a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 129
Table 445b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----130
Table 446a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Professional
Background)--------130
Table 446b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 130
Table 447a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 131
Table 447b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 131
Table 448a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)--131
Table 448b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 132
Table 449a: Correlation between Technical Complexity (TC) and
Perceived Usefulness (PU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--134
Table 449b: Correlation between Technical Complexity (TC) and Perceived
Ease of Use (PEU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks-- 135
Table 449c: Correlation between Systemic Shift (SS) and Perceived Usefulness
(PU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks---- 136
Table 449d: Correlation between Systemic Shift (SS) and Perceived Ease of Use
(PEU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks----137
Table 449e: Correlation between Attributes of Technological Change (ATC) and
Attitude Determinants (AD) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 137
Table 450a: Model Summaryb(ATC vs PU)---- 139
Table 450b: ANOVAb(ATC vs PU)------139
Table 450c: Coefficientsa(ATC vs PU)------140
Table 451a: Model Summaryb (ATC vs PEU)---- 140
Table 451b: ANOVAb (ATC vs PEU)------141
Table 451c: Coefficientsa (ATC vs PEU)------141
Table 452a: Model Summaryb (TC & SS vs AD)---- 142
Table 452b: ANOVAb (TC & SS vs AD)------142
Table 452c: Coefficientsa
(TC & SS vs AD)---- 142
Table 452d: Model Summary (ATC vs AD)---- 143
Table 452e: ANOVAb (ATC vs AD)------143
Table 452f: Coefficientsa (ATC vs AD)------143
Table 453a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 144
Table 453b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 144
Table 454a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 145
Table 454b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----145
Table 455a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 146
Table 455b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 146
Table 456a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 146
Table 456b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 147
Table 457a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 147
Table 457b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 147
Table 458: Correlation between Subjective Norms (SN) and Employee
Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks-- 149
Table 458a: Model Summaryb (SN vs EB)---- 150
Table 458b: ANOVAb (SN vs EB)------ 151
Table 458c: Coefficientsa (SN vs EB)------151
Table 459a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 152
Table 459b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 152
Table 460a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 152
Table 460b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----153
Table 461a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 153
Table 461b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 153
Table 462a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 154
Table 462b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 154
Table 463a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 155
Table 463b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 155
Table 464a: Correlation between Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Employee Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--157
Table 464b: Correlation between Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) and
Employee Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--158
Table 464c: Correlation between Attitude Determinants (AD) and
Employee Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--159
Table 465a: Model Summary (PU & PEU vs EB)----160
Table 465b: ANOVAb (PU & PEU vs EB)---- 160
Table 465c: Coefficientsa (PU & PEU vs EB)---- 161
Table 465d: Model Summary (AD vs EB)---- 161
Table 465e: ANOVAb (AD vs EB)------161
Table 465f: Coefficientsa (AD vs EB)------162
Table 466a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 163
Table 466b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 163
Table 467a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 163
Table 467b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----163
Table 468a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 164
Table 468b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 164
Table 469a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 165
Table 469b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 165
Table 470a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 165
Table 470b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 166
Table 471a: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Innovative Performance (IP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 169
Table 471b: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and Service
Rendering Performance (SRP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 170
Table 471c: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Market Performance (MP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--170
Table 471d: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Financial Performance (FP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--171
Table 471e: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Organizational Performance (OP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 172
Table 472: Partial Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Organizational Performance (OP) as controlled by
Employee Satisfaction (ES) for the use of new IT in Nigeria
Commercial Banks------ 175
Table 473a: Model Summary (EB vs IP)------177
Table 473b: ANOVAb (EB vs IP)------ 177
Table 473c: Coefficientsa (EB vs IP)------178
Table 474a: Model Summary (EB vs SRP)---- 178
Table 474b: ANOVAb (EB vs SRP)------178
Table 474c: Coefficientsa (EB vs SRP)------179
Table 475a: Model Summary (EB vs MP)---- 179
Table 475b: ANOVAb (EB vs MP)------179
Table 475c: Coefficientsa (EB vs MP)------180
Table 473a: Model Summary (EB vs FP)---- 180
Table 473b: ANOVAb (EB vs FP)------ 180
Table 473c: Coefficientsa (EB vs FP)------181
Table 474a: Model Summary (EB vs OP)------181
Table 474b: ANOVAb (EB vs OP)------ 182
Table 474c: Coefficientsa (EB vs OP)------182
Table 475a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs IP)----183
Table 475b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs IP)---- 183
Table 475c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs IP)----183
Table 476a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs SRP)-- 184
Table 476b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs SRP)----184
Table 476c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs SRP)----184
Table 477a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs MP)----185
Table 477b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs MP)----185
Table 477c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs MP)----185
Table 478a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs FP)----186
Table 478b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs FP)---- 186
Table 478c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs FP)----187
Table 479a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs OP)-- 187
Table 479b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs OP)---- 188
Table 479c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs OP)----188
Table 480: Summary of Test of Hypotheses Results----190
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 31: MACORR Sample Size Calculator (Step 1)----59
Figure 32: MACORR Sample Size Calculator (Step 2)----59
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 41: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Gender----72
Chart 42: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Age----72
Chart 43: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Marital Status-- 72
Chart 44: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Number of Dependants--73
Chart 45: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Number of Highest Educational
Background--------73
Chart 46: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Professional Background 74
Chart 47: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Designation-- 75
Chart 48: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Years Worked-- 75
Chart 49: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Department in Bank--76
Chart 410: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Job Status in Bank--77
Chart 411: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ View of IT Inflow in Bank 77
Chart 412: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ View of Introducing IT in Future 77
Chart 413: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Familiarity with Bank IT 79
Chart 414: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Years of IT Usage--82
Chart 415: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Adequacy of IT Usage--83
LIST OF MODELS
Model 11: Researcher’s Hypotheses Model of Employee Attitude towards
Attributes of Technological Change as a determinant of Organizational Performance------14
Model 21: Researcher’s Conceptual Model of Employee Attitude towards Attributes of Technological Change as a determinant of Organizational Performance------26
Model 22: A Model of Stages in the Innovation-Decision Process--41
Model 23: The Theory of Reasoned Action Model----44
Model 24: The Theory of Planned Behaviour Model----45
Model 25: The Technology Acceptance Model 1----47
Model 26: The Technology Acceptance Model 2----48
Model 27: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) 49
Model 28: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2)--------51
Model 416: The Proposed Conceptual Model of Employee Attitude towards
Attributes of Technological Change as a Determinant of Organizational Performance------118
Model 417: Inter-Item Correlation Model showing Employee Attitude towards Attributes of Technological Change as a determinant of Organizational Performance in Nigerian Commercial Banks 119
Model 418: Research Model of Hypotheses Tested----191
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Questionnaire on Employee Attitude towards Attributes of Technological
Change as a Determinant of Organizational Performance in Nigerian
Commercial Banks-------------- 231
APPENDIX B
Table 31: List of Commercial Banks in Nigeria and their
Number of Employees in Nigeria (2012)---------- 238
APPENDIX C
Table 32: List of Stratified Sampling Results from the
Non-Managerial Employees of Commercial Banks in Nigeria (2012)------ 239
APPENDIX D
Cross-Tabulation of Items 11, 12 and 14 of the Structured Questionnaire
Table 415a: Cross-tabulation of â€�“View of IT Inflow in Bank by Genderâ€Â�---- 228
Table 415b: Chi-Square Tests of View of IT Inflow in Bank by Gender------ 228
Table 416a: Cross-tabulation of â€�“View of Introducing New IT in Future by
Gender------------ 228
Table 416b: Chi-Square Tests of View of Introducing New IT in Future by
Gender------------ 229
Table 417a: Cross-tabulation of â€�“View of Adequacy of IT Usage by Gender-- 229
Table 417b: Chi-Square Tests of View of Adequacy of IT Usage by Gender-- 229
Table 418a: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by View of
IT Inflow in Bank---------- 230
Table 418b: Chi-Square Tests of Highest Educational Qualification by View of
IT Inflow in Bank---------- 230
Table 419a: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 231
Table 419b: Chi-Square Tests of Professional Background by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 231
Table 420a: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 231
Table 420b: Chi-Square Tests of Years Worked in Bank by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 232
Table 421a: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by View of IT Inflow in Bank---- 232
Table 421b: Chi-Square Tests of Job Status by View of IT Inflow in Bank---- 232
Table 422a: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by
View of Introducing New IT in Future-------- 233
Table 422b: Chi-Square Tests of Highest Educational Qualification by
View of Introducing New IT in Future-------- 233
Table 423a: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by View of
Introducing New IT in Future---------- 234
Table 423b: Chi-Square Tests of Professional Background by View of
Introducing New IT in Future---------- 234
Table 424a: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by View of Introducing
New IT in Future---------- 234
Table 424b: Chi-Square Tests of Years Worked in Bank by View of Introducing
New IT in Future---------- 235
Table 425a: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by View of Introducing New IT in
Future------------ 235
Table 425b: Chi-Square Tests of Job Status by View of Introducing New IT in
Future------------ 235
Table 426a: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by
Adequacy of IT Usage---------- 236
Table 426b: Chi-Square Tests of Highest Educational Qualification by
Adequacy of IT Usage---------- 236
Table 427a: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 237
Table 427b: Chi-Square Tests of Professional Background by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 237
Table 428a: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 237
Table 428b: Chi-Square Tests of Years Worked in Bank by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 238
Table 429a: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by Adequacy of IT Usage------ 238
Table 429b: Chi-Square Tests of Distribution of Job Status by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 238
Title Page-------------- ii
Certification-------------- iii
Declaration-------------- iv
Dedication-------------- v
Acknowledgements------------ vi
Abstract-------------- viii
Table of Contents------------ ix
List of Tables-------------- xii
List of Figures-------------- xviii
List of Charts-------------- xix
List of Models-------------- xx
List of Appendices------------ xxi
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
11 Background to the Study------ 1
12 Statement of Research Problem------4
13 Research Questions--------7
14 Research Objectives--------8
15 Research Hypotheses--------8
16 Significance of the Study------ 9
17 Scope of Study--------10
18 Limitations of the Study------ 11
19 Outline of Chapters--------11
110 Operationalization of the Research Topic---- 12
111 Research Hypotheses Model------ 14
112 Operational Definition of Terms------15
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
21 Introduction-------- 18
22 Conceptual Framework------ 18
221 Overview of Information Technology (IT)----18
222 Definition of Technology------19
223 Technology Adoption and Diffusion---- 22
224 The Concept of Technological Change----23
225 Organizations and Information Technologies (IT)-- 25
226 Technology as a Tool and Skill---- 25
227 Researcher’s Conceptual Model---- 26
228 Attributes of Technological Change---- 27
229 Subjective Norms------ 28
2210 Attitude Determinants------ 29
2211 Employee Behaviour to use new IT---- 30
2212 Employees and Technological Change----32
2213 Organizational Performance------34
2214 Technological Change and Organizational Performance--35
2215 Overview of Information Technology (IT) in the Nigerian Banking Sector------38
23 Theoretical Framework------ 40
231 The Innovations Diffusion Theory (IDT)----40
232 The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)----42
23 3 The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)----44
234 The Technology Acceptance Model 1 (TAM 1)-- 46
235 Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM 2)----48
236 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)------49
237 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2)------50
24 Empirical Framework------ 51
25 Conclusion and Gap in Literature------54
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
31 Introduction-------- 57
32 Research methods--------57
33 Research Design--------57
34 Population of the Study------ 58
35 Sampling Size Determination------ 59
36 Sampling Techniques------ 61
37 Sampling Frame--------61
38 Sources of Data--------61
39 Data Collection Procedure------ 62
310 Research Instrument and Design------62
311 Questionnaire Administration------ 64
312 Reliability of Research Instrument------65
313 Validity of Research Instrument------66
314 Method of Data Presentation and Analysis---- 67
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
41 Introduction-------- 68
42 Data Presentation--------68
421 Response Rate of Questionnaire Administered-- 68
422 Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--71
423 Cross-tabulation of Biographical Data----83
43 Frequency Distribution of Independent Variables and Dependent Variables 89
431 The Independent Variable------90
432 The Dependent Variable-------------- 104
433 Linking the Findings of Inter-Item Correlations with the
Conceptual Model Proposed---------- 116
434 Content Analysis of Open Ended Questions-------- 121
44 Test of Hypotheses and Discussion of Results-------- 122
441 Test of Hypothesis One---------- 122
442 Test of Hypothesis Two---------- 133
443 Test of Hypothesis Three---------- 148
444 Test of Hypothesis Four---------- 156
445 Test of Hypothesis Five---------- 167
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
51 Introduction------------ 192
52 Summary of Research Findings---------- 192
521 Summary of Theoretical Findings-------- 192
522 Summary of Empirical Findings-------- 194
53 Conclusion------------ 198
54 Recommendations------------ 199
541 Employees------------ 199
542 Management of Commercial Banks-------- 200
55 Contributions to Knowledge---------- 200
56 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research-------- 201
REFERENCES------------ 203
APPENDICES------------ 219
LIST OF TABLES
Table 31: Reliability Statistics------ 65
Table 32: Reliability Scale of key Measures---- 65
Table 33: Split-Half Reliability Statistics---- 66
Table 41: Total Response Rate for Questionnaire Administered and Retrieved--------70
Table 42a: Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--71
Table 42b: Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--74
Table 42c: Distribution of Biographical Data of the Respondents--76
Table 43: Distribution of Respondents’ Familiarity with Bank IT--78
Table 44: Distribution of â€�“Years of IT Usageâ€Â�---- 81
Table 45: Distribution of Respondents’ Adequacy of IT Usage-- 83
Table 46: Cross-tabulation of Age by Gender---- 83
Table 47: Cross-tabulation of Marital Status by Gender-- 84
Table 48: Cross-tabulation of Number of Dependants by Gender--85
Table 49: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by Gender 85
Table 410: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by Gender--86
Table 411: Cross-tabulation of Designation by Gender----87
Table 412: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by Gender--87
Table 413: Cross-tabulation of Department in Bank by Gender-- 88
Table 414: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by Gender----89
Table 430a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Technical Complexity 91
Table 430b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Technical Complexity 92
Table 430c: Descriptive Statistics of Technical Complexity Variable--92
Table 430d: Inter-Item Correlations of Technical Complexity-- 92
Table 430e: Item-Total Correlations of Technical Complexity-- 93
Table 431a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Systemic Shift--93
Table 431b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Systemic Shift--94
Table 431c: Descriptive Statistics of Systemic Shift Variable-- 94
Table 431d: Inter-Item Correlations of Systemic Shift Items-- 94
Table 431e: Item-Total Correlations of Systemic Shift----95
Table 432a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Perceived Usefulness 96
Table 432b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Perceived Usefulness 96
Table 432c: Descriptive Statistics of Perceived Usefulness Variable--96
Table 432d: Inter-Item Correlations of Perceived Usefulness Items--97
Table 432e: Item-Total Correlations of Perceived Usefulness-- 97
Table 433a: Frequency Distribution of Responses measuring Perceived Ease ofUse-------- 98
Table 433b: Descriptive Statistics of Items to Perceived Ease of Use--98
Table 433c: Descriptive Statistics of Perceived Ease of Use Variable--99
Table 433d: Inter-Item Correlations of Perceived Ease of Use Items--99
Table 433e: Item-Total Correlations of Perceived Ease of Use-- 99
Table 434a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Behaviour Determinants 100
Table 434b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Behaviour Determinants 100
Table 434c: Descriptive Statistics of Behaviour Determinants Variable--101
Table 434d: Inter-Item Correlations of Behaviour Determinants Items--101
Table 434e: Item-Total Correlations of Behaviour Determinants-- 101
Table 435a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Subjective Norms--102
Table 435b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Subjective Norms--103
Table 435c: Descriptive Statistics of Subjective Norms Variable-- 103
Table 435d: Inter-Item Correlations of Subjective Norms Items-- 103
Table 435e: Item-Total Correlations of Subjective Norms-- 103
Table 436a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Innovative Performance 105
Table 436b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Innovative Performance 105
Table 436c: Descriptive Statistics of Innovative Performance Variable--105
Table 436d: Inter-Item Correlations of Innovative Performance Items--106
Table 436e: Item-Total Correlations of Innovative Performance-- 106
Table 437a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Service Rendering
Performance--------108
Table 437b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Service
Rendering Performance------108
Table 437c: Descriptive Statistics of Service Rendering Performance Variable 108
Table 437d: Inter-Item Correlations of Service Rendering Performance Items 108
Table 437e: Item-Total Correlations of Service Rendering Performance--109
Table 438a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Market Performance 109
Table 438b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Market Performance 110
Table 438c: Descriptive Statistics of Market Performance Variable--110
Table 438d: Inter-Item Correlations of Market Performance Items--110
Table 438e: Item-Total Correlations of Market Performance-- 111
Table 439a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Financial Performance 112
Table 439b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Financial Performance 112
Table 439c: Descriptive Statistics of Financial Performance Variable--112
Table 439d: Inter-Item Correlations of Financial Performance Items--113
Table 439e: Item-Total Correlations of Financial Performance-- 113
Table 440a: Frequency Distribution of Responses to Employee Satisfaction 114
Table 440b: Descriptive Statistics of Items measuring Employee Satisfaction 115
Table 440c: Descriptive Statistics of Employee Satisfaction Variable--115
Table 440d: Inter-Item Correlations of Employee Satisfaction Items--116
Table 440e: Item-Total Correlations of Employee Satisfaction-- 116
Table 441a: Inter-Variable Correlation Matrix---- 120
Table 441b: Distribution of Responses to â€�“Please indicate five (5) other
problems of IT use in this Bankâ€Â�---- 121
Table 441c: Distribution of Responses to â€�“Please to the five (5) problems
above, kindly indicate how your bank management could resolve
themâ€Â�-------- 122
Table 442a: Correlation between Technical Complexity (TC) and Subjective
Norms (SN) in Nigerian Commercial Banks
Table 442b: Correlation between Systemic Shift (SS) and Subjective Norms
(SN) in Nigerian Commercial Banks---- 124
Table 442c: Correlation between Attributes of Technological Change
(ATC) and Subjective Norms (SN) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 125
Table 443a: Model Summaryb(TC & SS vs SN)---- 126
Table 443b: ANOVAb(TC & SS vs SN)------127
Table 443c: Coefficientsa (TC & SS vs SN)---- 127
Table 443d: Model Summary (ATC vs SN)---- 128
Table 443e: ANOVAb (ATC vs SN)------128
Table 443f: Coefficientsa (ATC vs SN)------128
Table 444a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 129
Table 444b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 129
Table 445a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 129
Table 445b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----130
Table 446a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Professional
Background)--------130
Table 446b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 130
Table 447a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 131
Table 447b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 131
Table 448a: Descriptive (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)--131
Table 448b: ANOVA (ATC: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 132
Table 449a: Correlation between Technical Complexity (TC) and
Perceived Usefulness (PU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--134
Table 449b: Correlation between Technical Complexity (TC) and Perceived
Ease of Use (PEU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks-- 135
Table 449c: Correlation between Systemic Shift (SS) and Perceived Usefulness
(PU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks---- 136
Table 449d: Correlation between Systemic Shift (SS) and Perceived Ease of Use
(PEU) in Nigerian Commercial Banks----137
Table 449e: Correlation between Attributes of Technological Change (ATC) and
Attitude Determinants (AD) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 137
Table 450a: Model Summaryb(ATC vs PU)---- 139
Table 450b: ANOVAb(ATC vs PU)------139
Table 450c: Coefficientsa(ATC vs PU)------140
Table 451a: Model Summaryb (ATC vs PEU)---- 140
Table 451b: ANOVAb (ATC vs PEU)------141
Table 451c: Coefficientsa (ATC vs PEU)------141
Table 452a: Model Summaryb (TC & SS vs AD)---- 142
Table 452b: ANOVAb (TC & SS vs AD)------142
Table 452c: Coefficientsa
(TC & SS vs AD)---- 142
Table 452d: Model Summary (ATC vs AD)---- 143
Table 452e: ANOVAb (ATC vs AD)------143
Table 452f: Coefficientsa (ATC vs AD)------143
Table 453a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 144
Table 453b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 144
Table 454a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 145
Table 454b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----145
Table 455a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 146
Table 455b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 146
Table 456a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 146
Table 456b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 147
Table 457a: Descriptive (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 147
Table 457b: ANOVA (AD: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 147
Table 458: Correlation between Subjective Norms (SN) and Employee
Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks-- 149
Table 458a: Model Summaryb (SN vs EB)---- 150
Table 458b: ANOVAb (SN vs EB)------ 151
Table 458c: Coefficientsa (SN vs EB)------151
Table 459a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 152
Table 459b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 152
Table 460a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 152
Table 460b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----153
Table 461a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 153
Table 461b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 153
Table 462a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 154
Table 462b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 154
Table 463a: Descriptive (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 155
Table 463b: ANOVA (SN: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 155
Table 464a: Correlation between Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Employee Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--157
Table 464b: Correlation between Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) and
Employee Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--158
Table 464c: Correlation between Attitude Determinants (AD) and
Employee Behaviour (EB) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--159
Table 465a: Model Summary (PU & PEU vs EB)----160
Table 465b: ANOVAb (PU & PEU vs EB)---- 160
Table 465c: Coefficientsa (PU & PEU vs EB)---- 161
Table 465d: Model Summary (AD vs EB)---- 161
Table 465e: ANOVAb (AD vs EB)------161
Table 465f: Coefficientsa (AD vs EB)------162
Table 466a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 163
Table 466b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Gender)-- 163
Table 467a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Age)-- 163
Table 467b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Age)----163
Table 468a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 164
Table 468b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Professional Background) 164
Table 469a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 165
Table 469b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Years Worked in Banks) 165
Table 470a: Descriptive (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 165
Table 470b: ANOVA (EB: One-Way ANOVA by Job Status)-- 166
Table 471a: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Innovative Performance (IP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 169
Table 471b: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and Service
Rendering Performance (SRP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 170
Table 471c: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Market Performance (MP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--170
Table 471d: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Financial Performance (FP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks--171
Table 471e: Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Organizational Performance (OP) in Nigerian Commercial Banks 172
Table 472: Partial Correlation between Employee Behaviour (EB) and
Organizational Performance (OP) as controlled by
Employee Satisfaction (ES) for the use of new IT in Nigeria
Commercial Banks------ 175
Table 473a: Model Summary (EB vs IP)------177
Table 473b: ANOVAb (EB vs IP)------ 177
Table 473c: Coefficientsa (EB vs IP)------178
Table 474a: Model Summary (EB vs SRP)---- 178
Table 474b: ANOVAb (EB vs SRP)------178
Table 474c: Coefficientsa (EB vs SRP)------179
Table 475a: Model Summary (EB vs MP)---- 179
Table 475b: ANOVAb (EB vs MP)------179
Table 475c: Coefficientsa (EB vs MP)------180
Table 473a: Model Summary (EB vs FP)---- 180
Table 473b: ANOVAb (EB vs FP)------ 180
Table 473c: Coefficientsa (EB vs FP)------181
Table 474a: Model Summary (EB vs OP)------181
Table 474b: ANOVAb (EB vs OP)------ 182
Table 474c: Coefficientsa (EB vs OP)------182
Table 475a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs IP)----183
Table 475b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs IP)---- 183
Table 475c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs IP)----183
Table 476a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs SRP)-- 184
Table 476b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs SRP)----184
Table 476c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs SRP)----184
Table 477a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs MP)----185
Table 477b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs MP)----185
Table 477c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs MP)----185
Table 478a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs FP)----186
Table 478b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs FP)---- 186
Table 478c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs FP)----187
Table 479a: Hierarchical â€" Model Summary (EB vs OP)-- 187
Table 479b: Hierarchical â€" ANOVAc (EB vs OP)---- 188
Table 479c: Hierarchical â€" Coefficientsa (EB vs OP)----188
Table 480: Summary of Test of Hypotheses Results----190
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 31: MACORR Sample Size Calculator (Step 1)----59
Figure 32: MACORR Sample Size Calculator (Step 2)----59
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 41: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Gender----72
Chart 42: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Age----72
Chart 43: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Marital Status-- 72
Chart 44: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Number of Dependants--73
Chart 45: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Number of Highest Educational
Background--------73
Chart 46: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Professional Background 74
Chart 47: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Designation-- 75
Chart 48: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Years Worked-- 75
Chart 49: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Department in Bank--76
Chart 410: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Job Status in Bank--77
Chart 411: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ View of IT Inflow in Bank 77
Chart 412: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ View of Introducing IT in Future 77
Chart 413: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Familiarity with Bank IT 79
Chart 414: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Years of IT Usage--82
Chart 415: Bar Chart Showing Respondents’ Adequacy of IT Usage--83
LIST OF MODELS
Model 11: Researcher’s Hypotheses Model of Employee Attitude towards
Attributes of Technological Change as a determinant of Organizational Performance------14
Model 21: Researcher’s Conceptual Model of Employee Attitude towards Attributes of Technological Change as a determinant of Organizational Performance------26
Model 22: A Model of Stages in the Innovation-Decision Process--41
Model 23: The Theory of Reasoned Action Model----44
Model 24: The Theory of Planned Behaviour Model----45
Model 25: The Technology Acceptance Model 1----47
Model 26: The Technology Acceptance Model 2----48
Model 27: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) 49
Model 28: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2)--------51
Model 416: The Proposed Conceptual Model of Employee Attitude towards
Attributes of Technological Change as a Determinant of Organizational Performance------118
Model 417: Inter-Item Correlation Model showing Employee Attitude towards Attributes of Technological Change as a determinant of Organizational Performance in Nigerian Commercial Banks 119
Model 418: Research Model of Hypotheses Tested----191
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Questionnaire on Employee Attitude towards Attributes of Technological
Change as a Determinant of Organizational Performance in Nigerian
Commercial Banks-------------- 231
APPENDIX B
Table 31: List of Commercial Banks in Nigeria and their
Number of Employees in Nigeria (2012)---------- 238
APPENDIX C
Table 32: List of Stratified Sampling Results from the
Non-Managerial Employees of Commercial Banks in Nigeria (2012)------ 239
APPENDIX D
Cross-Tabulation of Items 11, 12 and 14 of the Structured Questionnaire
Table 415a: Cross-tabulation of â€�“View of IT Inflow in Bank by Genderâ€Â�---- 228
Table 415b: Chi-Square Tests of View of IT Inflow in Bank by Gender------ 228
Table 416a: Cross-tabulation of â€�“View of Introducing New IT in Future by
Gender------------ 228
Table 416b: Chi-Square Tests of View of Introducing New IT in Future by
Gender------------ 229
Table 417a: Cross-tabulation of â€�“View of Adequacy of IT Usage by Gender-- 229
Table 417b: Chi-Square Tests of View of Adequacy of IT Usage by Gender-- 229
Table 418a: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by View of
IT Inflow in Bank---------- 230
Table 418b: Chi-Square Tests of Highest Educational Qualification by View of
IT Inflow in Bank---------- 230
Table 419a: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 231
Table 419b: Chi-Square Tests of Professional Background by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 231
Table 420a: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 231
Table 420b: Chi-Square Tests of Years Worked in Bank by View of IT
Inflow in Bank---------- 232
Table 421a: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by View of IT Inflow in Bank---- 232
Table 421b: Chi-Square Tests of Job Status by View of IT Inflow in Bank---- 232
Table 422a: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by
View of Introducing New IT in Future-------- 233
Table 422b: Chi-Square Tests of Highest Educational Qualification by
View of Introducing New IT in Future-------- 233
Table 423a: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by View of
Introducing New IT in Future---------- 234
Table 423b: Chi-Square Tests of Professional Background by View of
Introducing New IT in Future---------- 234
Table 424a: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by View of Introducing
New IT in Future---------- 234
Table 424b: Chi-Square Tests of Years Worked in Bank by View of Introducing
New IT in Future---------- 235
Table 425a: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by View of Introducing New IT in
Future------------ 235
Table 425b: Chi-Square Tests of Job Status by View of Introducing New IT in
Future------------ 235
Table 426a: Cross-tabulation of Highest Educational Qualification by
Adequacy of IT Usage---------- 236
Table 426b: Chi-Square Tests of Highest Educational Qualification by
Adequacy of IT Usage---------- 236
Table 427a: Cross-tabulation of Professional Background by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 237
Table 427b: Chi-Square Tests of Professional Background by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 237
Table 428a: Cross-tabulation of Years Worked in Bank by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 237
Table 428b: Chi-Square Tests of Years Worked in Bank by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 238
Table 429a: Cross-tabulation of Job Status by Adequacy of IT Usage------ 238
Table 429b: Chi-Square Tests of Distribution of Job Status by Adequacy of IT
Usage------------ 238
- FOR ENQUIRY
- [email protected]
- 09019904113
About E-Project Material Centre
E-Project Material Centre is a web service aimed at successfully assisting final year students with quality, well researched, reliable and ready made project work. Our materials are recent, complete (chapter 1 to Minimum of Chapter 5, with references) and well written.INSTANT ACCESS! INSTANT DOWNLOAD. Simply select your department, choose from our list of topics available and explore your data
Why Students Love to Use E-Project Material ?
Guaranteed Delivery Getting your project delivered on time is essential. You cannot afford to turn in your project past the deadline. That is why you must get your project online from a company that guarantees to meet your deadline. e-Project Topics Material Centre is happy to offer instant delivery of projects listed on our website. We can handle just about any deadline you send our way. Satisfaction Guaranteed We always do whatever is necessary to ensure every customer's satisfaction
Disclaimer
E-Project Topics Material Centre will only provide projects as a reference for your research. The projects ordered and produced should be used as a guide or framework for your own project. The contents of the projects should be able to help you in generating new ideas and thoughts for your own project. It is the aim of e-Project Topics Centre to only provide guidance by which the projects should be pursued. We are neither encouraging any form of plagiarism nor are we advocating the use of the projects produced herein for cheating.
Terms and Condition
Using our service is LEGAL and IS NOT prohibited by any university/college policies You are allowed to use the original model papers you will receive in the following ways:
- As a source for additional understanding of the subject
- As a source for ideas for you own research (if properly referenced)
- For PROPER paraphrasing ( see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase) Direct citing ( if referenced properly)
