THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES DICHLORODIPHENYL TRICHLOROEYHANE (D.D.Y) AND BENZENE HEXACHRORIDE (BHC) ON THE MICROFLORA OF THE THREE TYPES OF SOIL

By

DURU CHIKA PETER

Presented To

Department of Science Laboratory Technology

The effect of pesticides, chchlorodipheny trichloroethane (DDY) and Benzene hexaxhoride (BHc) on the  microflora of the three types of soil (loamy, clay and sandy soil) was conducted. The serial dietitian technique was employed up to 10-3 using nutrient agar, potato dextrose agar and sabourand agar plates. The isolation of both bacterial and fungal organisms were made  before treating the soil types with the two pesticides), D.D.T and BHC.  and after treating the soil types with D.D.T after treating  and BHc. The highest bacterial count before treating the soil types with D.D.T and BHc was got in loamy soil with 133 per ml having  PH 7.1, followed by clay soil with 78 per ml and  least was sandy soil with 42 per ml. while the highest bacterial count  after treating the soil types with D.D.T was gotten in loamy soil 105 per ml, followed by clay soil with  51 and least count was got in sandy with 28 per ml. Also the  highest bacterial count after treatment with BHc was obtained in loamy soil with 12F per ml, followed by clay soil with 64 per ml and the least count was got from sand soil with 37 per ml. The highest bacterial isolate from all the soil types before  treatment with the two pesticides was pseudomonas with 25 per ml, followed by Bacillus SPP with   24 per ml, and  next was achnomycetes with 19 per ml  while the least bacterial organism was Rhizobrium SPP. The fungal organisms isolates were Aspergillus species, syncophatastrum species, pernicillum species and mucor species. The results of this project showed that there was reduction in microflora of the soil types after treatment separately with the two pesticides. But the effect was more with  D.D.T than with BHc. Also the effects of the two pesticides was highest in sandy soil followed by clay and lastly the loamy soil.  

Title pages
Certification page
Acknowledgement
Dedication page
Abstract
Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.2    Aims and objectives
1.3    Statement of problem
1.4    Hypothesis
1.5    Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO
Literature review                                        
2.1    Pesticide labeling and safety                                              
2.2    Various classes and types of pesticides.                                         
2.3    Effects of pesticide on population of invertebrates in soil         
2.4    Effects of  pesticides on population of vertebrates in the soil    
2.5    Effects of pesticides on population of micro organism in the soil

CHAPTER THREE
3.0    Materials and methods                             
 3.1    materials                                     
3.2    Methods                                     
3.2.1    Sterilization                                     
3.2.2  Collection of pesticides                                                                   
3.2.3    Collection of three types of soil loamy clay sandy            
3.2.4  Preparation of media                             
2.2.5    Playing technique                                 
3.2.6 Microbial count, staining and microscopic work             
3.2.7    Identification of would                             
3.2.8  Biochemical test for identification     
    
CHAPTER FOUR
 Result         
                                
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussions     
                                
CHAPTER SIX
6.0    Conclusion and recommendation                     
6.1    conclusion
6.2    recommendation                                 
References                                                     
Appendix