Abstract
The research on Mucuna pruriens was to know its ameliorative efficacy on the kidney markers of malaria infected mice. The antimalaria effect was evaluated against Plasmodium berghei stain of 25 mice.The twenty five (25) adult albino mice of both sexes which weighed 20g-36g were grouped into five(1-5) of five mice per group which was used to carry out the experiment. Group 1 which served as negative control received 10ml/kg of 5% tween 80,group 2, which is positive or standard control received 0.95mg/kg of standard drug (ACT), groups 3, 4 and 5 received 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight of the extract of Mucuna pruriens respectively. Malaria was induced using Plasmodium berghei in which the malaria infected mice were examined for parasitemia on day 4 and 8 of the treatment. The creatinine, bilirubin and serum urea levels were determined using Randox and Teco kits .The curative percentage of the animals in groups (1-5) were recorded. In day 4, The curative percentage were 0%, 41.43%, 39.34%, 46.1% and 67.93% respectively and day 8 values are as follows 28.13%, 97.19%, 87.70%, 80% and 95.19%. The values for kidney markers in days 4 for Urea were (44.00±9.79, 36±11.23, 40±10.95, 35±5.00 and 46.67±6.67), creatinine values (0.62±0.31, 2.62±0.53, 4.46±1.19, 3.13±1.12 and 2.53±0.3) and bilirubin values (21.9±1.41, 21.4±1.24,25.58±2.16,24.18±1.31 and 22.43±1.43) while the values in day 8 for Urea were (40.00±10.95,36±6.78,45.00±15.00,30±10.00 and 45.00±5.00) and creatinine values were (24.26±2.36,23.36±1.16,24.6±2.20,24.5±0.60 and 23.93±0.15) while that of bilirubin were (24.26±2.36,23.36±1.16,24.6±2.20,24.5±0.60 and 23.93±0.15) for groups (1-5) respectively. The research showed that the extract can cure malaria without affecting the kidney markers and can be added in formulating antimalaria drugs.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE--------- i
CERIFICATION--------- ii
DEDICATION-------------iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT--------------iv
TABLE OF CONTENT--------------v
ABSTRACT ----------------x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study------ 1
1.2 Statement of the problem------ 5
1.3 Aims/Objectives of the study------- 6
1.4 Specific Objectives ------- 6
1.5 Significance of the study---- -- 6
1.6 Scope of the Study------- 7
1.7 Research Questions-------------7
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 General Classification of Mucuna pruriens--- 9
2.1.1 General Description of Agbala (Mucuna pruriens)- 10
2.1.2 Nutritional properties ------ 11
2.1.3 Phytochemical properties------ 15
2.1.4 Current uses of Mucuna pruriens---- 17
2.1.5 Nutraceutical versatility------ 17
2.1.6 Antioxidant property------ 18
2.1.7 Antivenin property------- 19
2.1.8 Fertility enhancing property----- 20
2.1.9 Growth promoting property----- 21
2.1.10 Hypoglycemic property------ 21
2.1.11Anthelmintic property------ 22
2.2 Review on prevalence of malaria in Nigeria--- 23
2.3 Species of plasmodium------ 29
2.4 Review of kidney markers------ 29
2.5 Markers of Kidney function------ 36
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials-------------------37
3.1.1 Samples used -------- 37
3.1.2 Equipments/Apparatuses----- 37
3.1.3 Reagents used-------- 37
3.2 Methods-------------------38
3.2.1 Preparation of plant materials for extraction-- 38
3.2.2 Determination of LD50------ 38
3.2.3 Estimation of antimicrobial activity of Mucuna pruriens 39
3.2.4 Staining Technique------- 40
3.2.5 Urea Estimation------- 41
3.2.6 Estimation of Creatinine------ 42
3.2.7 Bilirubin Estimation------- 43
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS----------------44
4.1 Acute toxicity ---------------44
4.2 Antimalaria Activity------------45
4.3 Creatinine---------------46
4.4 Bilirubin-----------------48
4.5 Urea-----------------50
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Discussion-----------------52
5.2 Conclusion----------------56
5.3 Recommendation--------------57
REFERENCES----------------58
APPENDICES--------------66
