DETERMINATION OF THE PRESENCE AND CONCENTRATION OF SOME PHYTOCHEMICALS IN AVOCADO PEAR (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL) SEED

By

NEBEOLISA CHIEMEZIE

Presented To

Department of Science Laboratory Technology

63 Pages 6,793 Words 143 Views Microsoft Word Format No. of Chapters: 1 to 5 Chapters

Reference/Bibliography: YES 4,000 NGN PROJECT

ABSTRACT

Phytochemical screening to determine the presence and concentration of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols and cardiac glycosides in Persea americana was carried out. The sample was prepared by cutting the seed into small pieces, drying and grinding with Thomas Willey milling machine. The ground sample was stored in an airtight container for analysis. The presence of alkaloid was determined by Wagner\\\'s test, flavonoid by ferric chloride test, tannin by acid test, saponin by emulsion test and cardiac glycoside by glacial acetic acid test. Quantitative determination of some of the phytochemicals was also carried out using standard methods. Result for qualitative analysis shows that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides were present inP.american and sterols were absent . The quantitative result shows that alkaloid has the highest percentage of concentration (21.54%), followed by saponin (8.10%), flavonoid (6.97%), cardiac glycoside (6.94%) and tannin has the least percentage concentration (1.45%) .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Certification - - - - - .. - .. - ….……i

Dedication - - - - - …… - - …..….……ii

Acknowledgement - - - - - - .… - ……iii

Abstract - - - - - - . - - - ……iv

Table of content - - - - …….. - - - …….v

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction - - - - - - - ..…..……1

Background of the study - - - - …..… - - - ……1

Objective of the - - - - ….. - - … - .……4

Scope of the study - - - - …..… - - - …..4

Significance of the study - - - - …..… - - … - 5

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review - - - - - …..….. - … - 6

General description of Persea americana - - - ..….. - … - 6

Phytochemicals in fruit and vegetables - - ……..….. - … - 8

Nutritional physiology of phytochemicals - - ……..…..…..….10

Medicinal uses of P.americana fruit - - …….. - … - ….11

Constituents of P.americana fruit - - …….. - …… - ….13

Effect of P.americana on the body - - …….. - …….….14

Wight - - …….. - - - - …… - …… - ….14

Hypertension / high blood pressure - - …….. - …… - ….14

Wound healing activity - - …….. - - - - ..….15

Natural products from plants that promote health - - ….… - ….16

Alkaloid - - - - - - - - - .….16

Sterols - - …….. - - - - - … - ..….16

Flavonoids - - …….. - - - - - - - ..….17

Tannins - - …….. - - - - - - - - .….19

Saponins - - …….. - - - - - - ..….19

Cardiac glycoside - - …….. - - - - - - ….20

CHAPTER THREE

Materials and method - - …….. - - …… - - .….21

Materials - - …….

63 Pages 6,793 Words 143 Views Microsoft Word Format No. of Chapters: 1 to 5 Chapters

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