PRODUCTION OF PLANT MIRROR USING LOCAL RAW MATERIAL

By

Author

Presented To

Department of Chemical Engineering

ABSTRACT

This project “production of plane mirror using local raw material” is meant to study the possibility of producing plane mirror using sand rich in silica as its major local raw material.

Plane mirror is produced by casting one side of a sheet glass. Presently in Nigeria, sheet glass is not used easily produce and as such, the local raw material used in the in the production of plane mirror in this product backing paint. The facilities for the production include spraying gun and finger brush.

In the course of production, the silver nitrate was first mixed with a reducing reagent; we formaldehyde of glucose, all in a distilled water. After which the mirror backing paint was mixed with some amount of thinner. The float glass was then washed with warm water and allowed to dry. After drying, it was first coated with silver nitrate solution after the use of talcum power to rub on the back of the glass.

A second spraying of mirror- backing paint was done after the silver nitrate coating had dried up. This whole operation now resulted to a plane-mirror since a plane mirror is also a coated glass.

The reflection of the mirror was taken after coating the glass, while the refractive index of the glass was taken before coating the float glass to form a mirror.

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKROUND

1.2 DEFINITON:

1.3 AIMS:

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY:

1.5 USES:

1.6 PROPERTIES:

CHAPTER TWO

1.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 PLANE MIRROR

2.2 RAW MATERIAL FOR PRODUCTION OF PLANE MIRROR

2.2.1 SAND

2.2.2 SODA ASH (SODIUM TRIOXOCARBONATE IV)

2.2.3 LIMESTONE (CALCIUM TRIOXOCARBONATE (W)

2.3.0 OTHER RAW MATERIAL (ie ADDITIVES)

2.3.1 COLOURING AND DECOLOURIZING AGENTS

2.3.2 MELTING AND REFINING AGENTS

2.3.3 OPALIZING AGENTS

2.2.4 MODIFIERS

2.3.5 CULLET

2.40 TYPES OF FURNACES

2.4.1 TANK FURNANCE

2.4.2 POT FURANCES

2.4.3 DAY TANKS

2.4.3 RECUPERATIVE FURNANCE

2.5.0 GLASS FORMATION

2.5.1 GLASS MELTING PROCESS

2.5 PREPARATION OF THE BATCH

2.5.1 MELTING OF GLASS

2.6 TYPES OF GLASSES

2.6.2 FLOAT GLASS

2.7 MANUFACTURE OF MIRROR

2.7.1 SEQUENCE OF PRODUCTION

2.7.2 CUTTING

2.7.2 LABELLING

2.7.3 POLISHING

2.7.4 WASHING OPERATION

2.7.5 SILVERING SPRAYING

2.7.6 PAINTING

2.7.7 OVEN

2.7.8 CLEANING AND INSPECTION

2.7.10 DRILLING

2.8.0 TYPES OF MIRRORS

2.9.0 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MIRROR

2.9.1 REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

2.9.2 TRANSPARNCY

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCTION OF

PLANE MIRROR

3.1 RAW MATERIALS

3.2 APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT

3.3 PREPARATION OF MIRROR SILVERING CHEMICAL3.4 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES INVOLVED IN THE

PRODUCTION OF PLANE MIRROR

3.5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

3.5.1 REFRACTIVE INDEX OF GLASS

3.5.2 REFLECTION OF PLANE MIRROR

3.61 EXPERINENTAL DATE FOR REFRACTIVE INDEX

3.61.1 EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR REFLECTION

3.5.2 REFLECTION OF PLANE MIRROR

CHAPTER FOUR

DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER SIX

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