AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT OF STUDENTS’ WELFARE SERVICES IN UNIVERSITIES IN THREE GEOPOLITICAL ZONES IN NORTHERN PART OF NIGERIA

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Author

Presented To

Department of Education

ABSTRACT
This study focused on “An assessment of the management of students’ Welfare 
services in universities in three Geo-Political Zones in Northern part of Nigeria” The 
study was specifically interested in finding out the types of welfare services available in 
the system and the impact they have on the students’ behaviour. The inadequate 
provision of the students, welfare facilities and their management were assumed by the 
stakeholders and members of the public as factors militating against students’ peaceful 
behavour in the University system. The objectives of the study therefore were to 
identify the types of students’ welfare services and to assess the availability as well as 
to examine the impact of each welfare service on the students’ social and academic 
behaviour. The critical areas examined were social, academic, medical and 
environmental services. Twenty (20) hypotheses were postulated to find out the 
significant differences in the opinions of the three groups of respondents. The 
researcher reviewed relevant literature to establish the theoretical base for the study. 
The descriptive and survey methods were adopted for investigations, identification and 
collection of data. The total population of subjects was two hundred and twenty six 
thousand nine hundred and forty six (226,946), made up of 206,948 students, 19,448
service staff and 450 top management staff, in the sixteen Universities in the three GeoïÂ�Â�Political Zones in Northern part of Nigeria. Through random sampling Technique, five 
Universities; Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Bayero University Kano, University of 
Maiduguri, University of Jos and Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University were selected, being 
one third of the sixteen Universities, in the three Geo Political Zones in Northern part of 
Nigeria. Out of the total of one hundred and thirteen thousand two hundred and eight 
(113208) subjects consisting of 109,774 students 3389 service staff and 45 top 
management staff in the five sampled Universities, 770 respondents were used. Out of 
the 770 copies of the questionnaire designed and administered by the researcher, 463 
copies were returned. The questionnaire as the basic instrument was vetted by the 
experts in Educational Administration and Planning and Educational Statistics Sections 
and subjected to pilot study in Federal College of Education Zaria. The Analysis of 
Variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s statistical test were used to test the Null hypotheses. 
Eight out of twenty hypotheses were retained, while twelve were rejected. The twelve 
were subjected to Scheffe’s test to determine the extent of significant difference in the 
respondents’ opinion. The major finding of the research indicated that the social, 
academic, medical and environmental students’ services were available but not 
adequate in the Universities. It was also discovered that some services had positive 
impact on students’ behaviour and academic performance. Recommendations such as 
the need for improved fund allocation to the Universities by the Government were 
offered for better provision, management and improvement of students’ welfare services 
for peaceful social and academic performance by students in the Universities. A model 
for effective and efficient management of the students’ welfare services was also 
developed by the researcher. Finally suggestions were also made for further research 
into the area of students’ welfare services in the University system in Nigeria in general. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 PAGE
Title Page………………………………………………………………… i
Declaration …………………………………………………… - - - ii
Certification ……………………………………………………………… iii
Dedication………………………………………………………………… iv
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………… v
Abstract ……………………………………………………… - - - vii
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………… - ix
List of Tables …………………………………………………………… xx
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………… xxvi
List of Appendices………………………………………………………… xxvii
Abbreviations, Acronyms and Initials …………………………………… xxviii
Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………… xxix
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ……………………………………… 1
11 Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 1
12 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………… - 5
13 Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………… 7
14 Research Questions……………………………………………………… 8
15 Hypotheses……………………………………………………… …… - 9
16 Basic Assumptions……………………………………………………… - 12
17 Significance of the Study………………………………………………… 13
18 Scope and delimitation of the Study…………………………………… 13
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………… - 15
21 Introduction……………………………………………………………… 15
22 The concept and theories of Management…………………………… 16
23 The concept and types of student welfare services………………… 19
231 Social Services…………………………………………………………… 25
2311 Student feeding…………………………………………………… 25
23 12 Students’ Accommodation……………………………………… 35
2313 Guidance and Counselling……………………………………… 48
2314 Sports and Recreation ………………………………………… 53
2315 Security Matters………………………………………………… 56
2316 Transportation services………………………………………… 57
2317 Religious services……………………………………………… - 59
2318 Banking and other services………………………………… - 59
232 Academic Services……………………………………………… 60
2321 Library service ………………………………………………… - 60
2322 Classroom (lecture halls) laboratories and technological
 workshops………………………………………………………… 63
2323 Information and Communication Technology Services 
 (ICTS)…………………………………………………………… - 64
233 Medical Services …………………………………………… - - - 66
234 Environmental Services………………………………………………… 70
2341 Conducive Institutional Climate…………………………………… 71
2342 Cordial Student-Lecturer, Advisor-Advisee 
Relationship…………………………………………………………… 73
2343 An atmosphere of safety, confidence, adaptability 
and belongingness…………………………………………………… 75
2344 A clean, spacious, beautiful and hazard free 
Environment…………………………………………………………… 75
24 The Management strategies for Students Welfare Services………… 76
241 The role of the Government and University Management…………… 76
2411 Funding…………………………………………………………… 76
242 The role of Students’ Affairs Division in Shaping students’ 
welfare services………………………………………………………… - 82
2421 The role of Committee System as a tool/strategy for 
effective Students’ Welfare Services ……………………………… 83
2422 University Students’ Welfare 
Management Board…………………………………………………… 84
2423 Sports and Recreation Committee………………………………… 84
2424 The Central Accommodation Allocation Committee……………… 85
2425 The Catering Service Committee…………………………………… 85
2426 Hall Management and Central Coordination Committee 
of Hall Management…………………………………………… …… 86
2427 The Universities Market Management Committee 
(UMMC)………………………………………………………………… 86
243 The role of Students’ Union Government in the management 
of effective students’ welfare services………………………………… 87
25 Summary…………………………………………………………………… 89
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN, METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE
31 Introduction……………………………………………………… - - 90
32 Research Design………………………………………………………… 90
33 The Population…………………………………………………………… 90
34 Sample and Sampling Procedure……………………………………… 91
35 Instrumentation…………………………………………………………… 100
36 Validation and reliability of Instrument………………………………… 101
37 Pilot Study………………………………………………………………… 102
38 Administration of Instrument…………………………………………… 103
39 Method of Data Analysis………………………………………………… 103
310 Rate of Return of Questionnaire……………………………………… - 103
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF DATA
41 Introduction……………………………………………………………… 107
42 Types of students’ welfare services in the Universities in the 
three geopolitical zones in the Northern part of Nigeria ………………… - 110
421 Responses of respondents on the availability and degree of 
adequacy of Social Welfare services provided by the 
Universities to students………………………………………………… - 110
422 Responses on the availability and degree of provision of 
Academic Welfare Services to students in Universities ………… 117
423 Responses on the availability and degree of provision of Medical
and Health services to students in the Universities under study…… 122
424 Responses on the availability and degree of provision of 
Environmental services to students in Universities in 
three geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………… 127
43 Impact of services on students’ welfare in Universities in 
three geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………… 130
431 Impact of social services on students’ welfare services in the Universities ……………………………………………………………… 130
4311 Impact of feeding on students’ welfare………………………………… 131
4312 The impact of Hostel Accommodation on students’ welfare 
in Universities in three geopolitical zones in 
Northern part of Nigeria …………………………………………………… 135
4313 The impact of Guidance and Counselling……………………………… 139
4314 The impact of Sports and Recreation on students’ welfare in 
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern 
part of Nigeria …………………………………………………………… - 143
4315 The impact of Security and Communication services on students’ 
Welfare…………………………………………………………………… 148
4316 The effects of Transportation services on students’ welfare in 
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern 
part of Nigeria …………………………………………………………… - 151
4317 The impact of Religious Services on students’ welfare in 
Universities in three geopolitical zones in 
Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………………………… - 154
4318 The impact of Banking and Telecommunication services on students’
welfare services in the three geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria 154
432 Impact of Academic services on students’ welfare services in 
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern 
part of Nigeria …………………………………………………………… - 162
4321 The impact of Library services on students’ welfare………………… 162
4322 Impact of classrooms, laboratories, field trips and workshops on 
students’ welfare………………………………………………………… - 165
4323 The impact and influence of information Technology services on 
 students’ welfare………………………………………………………… 168
433 The impact and influence of Medical or Health services on students’ 
welfare in Universities in three geopolitical zones in 
Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………………………… 171
434 The impact and influence of Environmental services on students’ 
welfare in Universities in three geopolitical zones in 
Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………………………… 175
44 Strategies for effective Management of students’ welfare in 
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern part 
of Nigeria ………………………………………………………………… - 178
45 Hypotheses Testing……………………………………………………… 184
451 Null Hypothesis 1………………………………………………………… 185
452 Null Hypothesis 2………………………………………………………… 187
453 Null Hypothesis 3………………………………………………………… 188
454 Null Hypothesis 4………………………………………………………… 190
455 Null Hypothesis 5………………………………………………………… 192
456 Null Hypothesis 6………………………………………………………… 194
457 Null Hypothesis 7………………………………………………………… 196
458 Null Hypothesis 8………………………………………………………… 199
459 Null Hypothesis 9………………………………………………………… 201
4510 Null Hypotheses 10……………………………………………………… 202
4511 Null Hypothesis 11……………………………………………………… 204
4512 Null Hypothesis 12……………………………………………………… 206
4513 Null Hypothesis 13……………………………………………………… 208
4514 Null Hypothesis 14……………………………………………………… 210
4515 Null Hypothesis 15……………………………………………………… 212
4516 Null Hypothesis 16……………………………………………………… 214
4517 Null Hypothesis 17……………………………………………………… 216
4518 Null Hypothesis 18……………………………………………… - - 218
4519 Null Hypothesis 19……………………………………………………… 219
4520 Null Hypothesis 20……………………………………………………… 221
of Nigeria ……………………………………………………………………… 240
4612 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Transport Services 
on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical 
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………………… 241
4613 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Religious Services 
on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical 
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………… 241
4614 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Banking and 
 Telecommunications services on Students’ Welfare……………… - 242
4615 Opinions of Respondents on the Impact of Library Services on
 Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical 
 zones in Northern part of Nigeria …,,,,,……………………………… 242
4616 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Classrooms Lecture
 Halls, Laboratories, Workshops and Field Work on Students’
 Welfare Services in Universities in three geopolitical 
 zones in the Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………… 243
4617 Opinions of respondents on the impact of Information Technology 
on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical 
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………………… 243
4618 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Medical and Health
 Services on students’ welfare in Universities in three Geo-
 Political zones in Northern Part of Nigeria………………………… 244
4619 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Environmental
 Services on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three 
 geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………… - 244
4620 Opinions of respondents on the effects of the perceived strategies 
for effective management of students’ services in Universities 
in three geopolitical zones in Northern 
part of Nigeria ………………………………………………………… 245
47 Summary……………………………………………………………… - 245
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
51 Summary of Findings…………………………………………………… 247
511 The Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect 
of Social Services in universities in three geopolitical zones in 
Northern part of Nigeria………………………………………………… 248
512 The Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect
of Academic Service in Universities in three geopolitical 
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………… 248
513 The Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect 
of Medical Health Services in Universities in three 
geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………… 248
514 Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect of 
Environmental Services in Universities in three geopolitical 
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………………… 249
515 Opinions of Respondents on impacts of Diverse Students’ Welfare 
Services on Students’ welfare in Universities in three 
geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria …………… - ………… 249
5151 Opinions of Respondents on Impact of Feeding………………… 249
5152 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Hostel Accommodation… 250
5153 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Guidance and 
Counselling…………………………………………………………… 250
5154 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Sports and Recreations… 251
5155 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Security and 
Communication……………………………………………………… 252
5156 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Transportation Services - 252
5157 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Religious Services……… 253
5158 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Banking and 
Telecommunication Services……………………………………… - 254
5159 Opinions of Respondents on impact of library services………… 254
51510 Opinion of Respondents on the impact of Classrooms, 
Lecture Halls, Laboratories Workshops and Field Trips Services 254
51511 Opinion of Respondents on the impact and influence of 
Information Technology Services…………………………………… 255
51512 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Medical/Health 
Services……………………………………………………………… 255
51513 Opinion of Respondents on the impact of Environmental 
Services……………………………………………………………… 256
51514 Opinions of Respondents on Perceived Strategies for 
 Effective Management of Students Welfare Services in the 
 Universities in the three geopolitical zones in the Northern 
 part of Nigeria ………………………………………………………… 256
52 Conclusions………………………………………………………………… 257
53 Recommendations………………………………………………………… 259
531 Suggested Model for Students’ Welfare Services in the Nigerian
Universities system ……………………………………………………… 260
54 Recommendations for further Research……………………………… - 264
References………………………………………………………………… 265
Appendix A - Questionnaire……………………………………… 278
Appendix B - Exhibits on advertisement for sale of bedspaces by 
Students……………………………………………… 295
Appendix C - Krejcie And Morgan’s Table For Determining 
Sample Size………………………………………… 304

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