Table of Contents
An Abstract of iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents
- vi
List of Figures ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
11 Research Background and Motivation - 1
12 Literature Review 4
13 Research Objective - 6
Chapter 2 Methodology 7
21 The Battery Management System - 7
22 The Off-peak Energy Management System 11
23 State of Charge (SOC) Calculation 13
Chapter 3 System Description 15
31 Solar Panel Array Supported by the MPPT Unit - 16
311 Solar Panel Array - 16
312 The MPPT Unit 17
32 BMS and Battery Bank 20
321 Battery Bank - 20
322 BMS - 22
33 Central Control Unit - 25
34 Graphical User Interface (GUI) 27
35 Protection Unit 30
351 Hardware - 30
352 Software - 31
36 CAN Function - 31
Chapter 4 System Performance and Research Outcomes 33
41 Performance of the BMS - 34
42 SOC Estimation 35
43 Graphical User Interface (GUI) 37
44 Data Analysis - 38
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Direction of Future research - 40
Reference 43
Appendix - 46
A Introduction to Lead Acid Batteries 46
B Thin-film Solar Cells 47
C The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Method 48
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Diagram of Residential Grid Connected PV System - 2
Figure 1-2 Hourly Average Residential Load Profile - 3
Figure 2-1 Block Diagram of the BMS 9
Figure 2-2 Flowchart of BMS Algorithm 10
Figure 2-3 Off-peak Storage Strategy 12
Figure 2-4 Example of SOC versus OCV Chart - 14
Figure 3-1 Solar Array with Energy Storage Battery 16
Figure 3-2 The 1KW Roof Mounted Solar Array 17
Figure 3-3 System Schematic 19
Figure 3-4 Schematic of Boost Converter 19
Figure 3-5 The MPPT Unit - 20
Figure 3-6 Lead Acid Battery 22
Figure 3-7 Configuration of the ECU Module 23
Figure 3-8 Configuration of the ECU Module 23
Figure 3-9 Battery Bank with one BMS Local Module - 24
Figure 3-10 The Complete Battery Bank Installation 25
Figure 3-11 Central Module and PC with ABC150 Remote Control Panel - 26
Figure 3-12 ABC-150 Bi-direction Inverter - 26
Figure 3-13 Diagram of Inverter, Central Module, CAN Interface, MPPT Module,
ECU Module, and EQU Module - 27
Figure 3-14 Page Showing the Initial Settings - 28
Figure 3-15 Main Page 28
Figure 3-16 Dispatch Function Page - 29
Figure 4-1 Basic Schematic of the System - 33
Figure 4-2 Time Diagram of Vmax and Vmin with BMS 34
Figure 4-3 Time Diagram of Vmax and Vmin without BMS 35
Figure 4-4 Plot of Operation Current and SOC Curve Using OCV Method 36
Figure 4-5 Plot of Battery Bank Operation Current and SOC Curve when Integrating
OCV Method with Coulomb Counting Method - 36
Figure 4-6 GUI and Data Plots for the Solar Battery System 37
Figure 4-7 Time Chart of Solar Voltage and Battery Bank Voltage 38
Figure 4-8 Time Diagram of Load Simulation and Output Current Provided from
Solar and Battery Bank - 39
Figure A-1 Structure of a Lead Acid Battery 46
Figure B-1 The Sketch of Solar Cell - 48
Figure C-1 The Max Power Point of the I-V Curve and the P-V Curve 49
