WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

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Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering

57 Pages 8,910 Words 2,488 Views PDF Format No. of Chapters: 1 to 5 Chapters

Abstract

Wireless charging of gadgets is one of the new emerging technologies in the world at the

moment. The most common method used at the moment is wireless power transfer by inductive

coupling. . Wireless power transfer is one of the simplest and inexpensive ways of charging as it

eliminate the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. In this project write

up, a methodology and principle of operation are devised for wireless power transfer through

inductive coupling, and a feasible design is modeled accordingly. The inductive coupling

technique is used since currently it’s the easiest method of wireless power transfer because of

high efficiency and large amount of the energy transferred. In the report paper, results of

experiments done to check wireless working will be shown. Also to further show its versatility

and range of applications the power transferred will be used to charge a battery with the aid of

additional circuitry. We will also study the effect of placing hurdles between the transmitter and

receiver so as to establish if it is an alternative in the medical industry for charging pace makers

etc. This research work focuses on the study of wireless power transfer for the purpose of

transferring energy at maximum efficiency within a small range or in the near field region

Contents

Declaration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii

Declaration of Originality - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iv

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v

LIST OF TABLES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - viii

LIST OF FIGURES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ix

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xi

List of Abbreviations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

11Background - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

12 Problem Statement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

13 Objectives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

131 Overall objective - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

132 Specific objectives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

14 Justification for the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

15 Scope of work - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

16 Project Paper Organization - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

21 Outline of the Chapter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

22 History of Wireless Power Transfer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

23 Main concepts of wireless transmission of electric energy - - - - - - - - - 6

24 Health and safety considerations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

25 WPT Standards and Alliances - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

Qi by the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

Rezence by the Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP) - - - - - - - - - - 10

Power Matters Alliance (PMA) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK - - - - - - - - - - - - 12

CHAPTER 4: METHODS AND MATERIALS - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

41 General Principle of Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

42Hardware and Software Components - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20

4211Power Supply - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

4212DC - DC Boost Converter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

4213 Royer Oscillator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22

4214 Full Wave Bridge Rectifier - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23

4215 The Microcontroller Unit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25

4216 The LCD Screen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28

4217 Switching Circuit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30

422 Software - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31

4221USBasp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31

4222 Programming Language - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - 34

51 Results - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34

52 Analysis and Discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - - - - - - - - 40

61 Conclusions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40

62 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41

REFERENCES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42

APPENDICES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

11Background

If you are using an electronic device perhaps a mobile phone and you need to recharge the

battery then you will probably have to get a charger and connect the phone to the wire But what

if you could charge it without having to connect it to wire? Meaning power will be transferred

wirelessly This is possible through a concept called Wireless Power Transmission Research and

studies have been done ever since the 19th century but it is only recently that this concept has

begun to be implemented

Currently engineers are trying to discover how to increase the efficiency of power transmitted

wirelessly and also methods that that are safe to human beings and the environment and

notwithstanding, methods that are cheaper and hence can be commercially viable Though still in

the early stages, several electronic companies are beginning to roll out devices that can

wirelessly transmit power

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction

Electromagnetic induction works on the concept of a primary coil generating a predominantly

magnetic field and a secondary coil being within that field so a current is induced within its coils

This causes the relatively short range due to the amount of power required to produce an

electromagnetic field

12 Problem Statement

The project seeks to eliminate the use of wires in the transmission of power from the source to

the device to be powered Although WPT is based on electromagnetic induction, there are

various methods that are used Some are less efficient than others and costly while others don’t

allow for a longer range of transmission In this project, it is required to design and construct an

electronic device that shall transmit power within a small range The device can then be used to

charge batteries for devices like pace makers

In the project a suitable method will be used to ensure that enough power is transmitted

wirelessly so that it can then charge batteries The major challenge will be in the coupling circuit

which comprises of the coils where electromagnetic induction occurs The number of turns of the

coil, inductance

13 Objectives

The project has a main objective whose achievement is aided by breaking it further down into

other smaller specific objectives This helps in showing comprehensively how the final objective

of the project is achieved in a clear and concise manner 131 Overall objective

The main objective of the project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer

132 Specific objectives

The project will be divided into the following specific objectives that will aid in achieving the

main objective ï‚Â� Design and assemble a power supply unit ï‚Â� Step up the dc supply ï‚Â� Design and assemble an appropriate oscillator ï‚Â� Develop transmitter and receiver coils ï‚Â� Design the receiver module and rectify the ac voltage received on the receiver

coil ï‚Â� Designing a battery charging circuit

14 Justification for the Study

The need for devices that can wirelessly transmit power has over the years increased Currently a

lot of research is being conducted in order to obtain suitable methods that can be used in the

development of such devices The following are reasons why it is important

a) Flexibility: WPT will eliminate the use of conductors and wires Rather than have

many wires running from a power source to power devices, the power can be

transmitted wirelessly hence the mess caused by cables can be avoided and also more

devices can be powered without having them all placed next to the power source

b) Safety: With the increase in electrification in areas, cases of electrical shocks have

been rampant as people and even animals end up touching the conductors WPT will

eliminate these conductors hence preventing the electrical shocks

c) Convenience: The application of WPT will enable the convenient use of devices For

example, in the medical field pacemakers which use batteries can be recharged rather

than having a surgery every time the battery life is over This will save on costs for

surgery and also is a more convenient option

d) Reliability: Many times people are using a device and it runs out of power yet one

doesn’t have a cord to charge the device or perhaps there is no source of power

around However with WPT the devices can be charged wirelessly hence the risk of

low battery power will be eliminated

15 Scope of work

This project covers the hardware and software design and implementation of a device that will be

able to transfer power wirelessly The study will look into the methods that are currently in use

and seek to improve on the areas where the performance is low The hardware system will

involve the design and construction of a transmitter and receiver modules Once there is proof

that power has been transmitted, a battery charging circuit will be designed and developed to

charge a 9V battery so as to show the application of a wireless power transfer device The

software system will include code that will control ensure the system is intelligent enough to

determine the battery capacity and also to display the various parameters that are important

16 Project Paper Organization

This project paper comprises five chapters namely: ï‚Â� Chapter 1:Introduction

This gives the project definition, project overview, objectives, project justification and

scope of work

ï‚Â� Chapter 2: Literature Review

This chapter presents information on the evolution and present state of theory, practice

and research of wireless power transmission

ï‚Â� Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework

In this chapter the theory behind the design of the project is given

ï‚Â� Chapter 4: Methodology and Materials

This chapter gives a detailed explanation on how the device once assembled operates It

also explains the components used and their role in the design of each part of the device

ï‚Â� Chapter 5: Results and Analysis

57 Pages 8,910 Words 2,488 Views PDF Format No. of Chapters: 1 to 5 Chapters

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