INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO APHID (Aphis craccivora Koch) IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeae L.)
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Department of Agricultural Science
ABSTRACT
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Nine Groundnut genotypes, consisting of three male testers (ICGV-SM 00020/5/9, 1CGXSM 00017/5/P10/P1, ICGX-SM 00020/5/P4/P1) and six female lines (ICGV IS 07890, 1CGV IS 07899, ICIAR-19BT IS 07899, SAMNUT 14, KWANKWASO, and MANIPENTA) were crossed in a line x tester mating design to develop 18 hybrids. The resultant hybrids and parents were evaluated in the screen house using a complete randomize design at Samaru (Northern Guinea savanna 110 11’, 70 38’ E, 686m above sea level) in 2012 to obtain information on genetic variation, combining ability, heritability and correlation for resistance aphid and several quantitative traits. The variances due to SCA and GCA showed that both additive and non-additive, possibly dominant gene actions are important. Highly significant differences were observed among all entries for aphid damage index (D.I) and days to maturity. Significant differences were recorded among hybrids for seed weight(g), number of pods, days to maturity and aphid damage index. Significant effects among female parents were observed in their GCA for pod yield, 100-seed weight, and number of pods per plant and among male parents for 100-seed weight and days to maturity. Specific combining ability ( SCA ) for ICGX – SM 00020/5/P4/P1 x ICGV IS 07890, ICGX – SM 00017/5/P10/P1 x KWANKWASO and ICGX – SM 00017/5/P10/P1 x SAMNUT 14 revealed maximum positive result for pod weight. Lower negative SCA was observed among most of the hybrids for the characters studied. It was observed that genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation, genetic advance as a percentage of mean was generally low for all the characters studied (0.22 -10.68) indicating less progress in selection. Narrow sense heritability (h2) was generally low as low as (1.80%) for days to maturity and seed weight and as high as (6.3 %) for pod yield indicating non- additive gene action.
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