EFFECT OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) SEED KERNEL MEAL WITH AND WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GROWTH AND LAYING PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAILS
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Department of Agricultural Science
ABSTRACT
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Two sets of experiments were carried out to determine the effects of the inclusion of mango seed kernel meal (MSKM)kanbiri, processed by soaking for 72:00 hours with an eight hourly change of water to reduce the anti-nutrients factors on the growth and laying performances of Japanese quails with and without enzymes.Results of the laboratory analysis obtained after processing revealed values of 90.06 %, 4.78 %, 5.58 %, 1.96 %, 5.39 % and 68.40 % in the dry matter,crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, ash and nitrogen free extract respectively and the following for the anti-nutrient factor contents; phytate, cyanide, tannins and saponins values of 0.16mg/100g, 0.02mg/100g, 0.04mg/100g and 0.06mg/100g respectively.In the first field experiment, 450 unsexed quails at one week old were placed in ten experimental set up of 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with three replicates of fifteen birds each with one control in a completely randomized design. Ten experimental growth diets of three levels of SMSKM inclusions at (10.00 %, 20.00 % and 30.00 %) and three enzyme types of (no enzyme, Maxigrain enzyme and Vegpro enzyme) with one control (no SMSKM, no enzyme) were offered to the birds throughout the growth phase. Results indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences for the final body weight, total feed intake and feed to gain ratio. The control had the highest final body weight of 178.40 g and best feed to gain ratio of 4.64, indicating preference for birds for the intake of non-conventional feed materials, due to the efficient feed to gain ratio. With the enzyme inclusion, significant (P < 0.05) differences were noticed in the final body weight, feed to gain ratio and total feed intake. Treatment with both enzyme had a significantly(P < 0.05) similar least feed intakes of 495.88 g and the worst feed to gain ratio average of 5.77compared to the control.Carcass analysis reveals significant (P < 0.05) differences with and without enzymes in the average live weight, ix carcass weight and dressing percent. The 20.00 % level having the highest average live weight gain of 147.17 g, carcass weight of 88.52 g and dressing percent of 61.04 %, indicating efficiency of the MSKM at this level of 20.00 %; vegpro enzyme recorded the highest values for the carcass (92.32 g), dressing percent (62.90 %) against the maxigrain enzyme. The 30.00 % inclusion levels had the highest digestibility values of 67.98 % dry matter, 78.63 % ether extract and 64.36 % ash retension.Treatment with maxigrain enzyme had the highest values of 68.40 % dry matter, 72.27 % crude protein, 77.63 % ether extract, 67.19 % ash and, confirming earlier reports on the efficiency of exogenous enzymes in unconventional feed uses in monogastric animals. The 20.00 % had the least feed cost at market weight of N102.23k after the control.In experiment two, similar experimental design, factorial arrangement with three replicates x ten birds were set up, the feeding and water intake regime were maintained. Results indicate 20.00 % SMSKM in all having the overall best performance; mainly in total feed intake (1921.49 g), final body weight (202.22 g), but a feed togain ratio of 1.02 was noticed by birds in the control treatment.Enzyme vegpro had the best performance in the total feed intake (1877.01 g), average age of bird at first lay (43.11 days) and hen day egg production (77.95 %),the overall egg external quality performance of 10.00 %, 20.00 % and 30.00 % were all significantly similar. It could be concluded that, the processing method used in this study reduces the tannin and phytate contents far below the toxic levels for poultries, which it tolerates up to 30.00 % without any adverse effects on the growth performance at the growth phase, with and without enzyme supplementation.
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