Design And Implementation Of An Electronic Patient Management System
By
Author
Presented To
Department of Computer Science
ABSTRACT
This project title is written to help hospitals especially SHONAHAN HOSPITAL, NSUKKA, Enugu in the areas they encounter problems in keeping their attendance scheme for patient and the solution given to tackle problem such as transforming the existing manual attendance scheme for patients system in which the existing problems involved at the time was laziness of the Doctors to work, misplacement of files, excessive loitering around of patient for their files and loitering of paper in the office.
This software reports on our pilot evaluation of AN ELECTRONIC PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM and their Doctors. The aim is to improve the quality of care to patient and the information about them, as indicated by an improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of care and in an increase in patient’s satisfaction.
This study makes clear that a thorough exploration of users needs before building the system, using qualitative research methods may be crucial because it can prevent data mismatch and maximize the chance that the eventual management system meets its most important aim: to enhance patient’s empowerment and improve the quality of care services.
In order to handle this, I decided to introduce a new an electronic patient management system for patients. The project dwells more on Computer duty schedule. This is implemented with Visual Basic programming 6.0 language and Microsoft Access for effective information keeping.
6
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Approval iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Abstract vi
Table of content vii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
11 Introduction 1
12 Statement of Problem 6
13 Objectives of the study 7
14 Significance of the Study 8
15 Scope of Study 9
16 Definition of Terms 9
17 Project work Organisation 11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
20 Literature review - 12
21 Patient Management System 14
7
22 Types of an Electronic patient Management system 16
221 Nursing Information System 16
222 Physical Information System 16
223 Radiology Information System 17
224 Pharmacy Information System 17
23 Benefits of Hospital Information System 18
24 Development and Future of Electronic Patient Management System 20
25 Features of Electronic Patient Management System 21
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
31 Methodology 22
32 Method of Data Collection 22
321 Primary Source 22
322 Secondary Source 23
33 Analysis of the Existing System 23
331 Input Analysis 25
332 Process Analysis 25
333 Output Analysis 25
34 Limitation of the Existing System 26
8
341 Justification For the New System 26
35 System Design 27
351 Input design and Specification 28
352 Information Flow Diagram 34
36 Database Design 35
37 System Flow Chart 39
38 Program Flow Chart 41
39 Top Down Design of the System 45
391 Registration Subsystem 46
392 Department Form Subsystem 47
393 DBMS Subsystem 48
394 Report Subsystem 49
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING AND INTEGRATION
41 Choice of Development tools 50
411 Operating System 50
412 Visual Basic 60 50
413 Microsoft Access 51
42 Hardware and Software Requirement 52
9
421 Hardware Requirement 52
422 Software Requirement 52
43 System Implementation 53
44 System Testing 62
441 Unit Test 63
442 System Test 63
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
51 Summary 64
52 Limitations 65
53 Recommendation 65
54 Conclusion 66
55 BEME 67
Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68
Appendix A: Program Codes 69
Appendix B: Sample Output - - - - - - - - - - - - 76
Appendix C: User Guide 81
10
List of Figures
Figure 31 Organisation Chart 24
Figure 32 Patient Form 29
Figure 33 Add Doctors Form 30
Figure 34 Add Employee Form 31
Figure 35 Hospital Service Form 32
Figure 36 Add Bed Form 33
Figure 37 Information Flow Diagram 34
Figure 38 System Flow Chart 39
Figure 39 Program Flow Chart 40-43
Figure 310 Top Down Design 44
Figure 311 Electronic Patient Management Registration Subsystem 45
Figure 312 Department Form Subsystem 46
Figure 313 Electronic Patient Management DBMS Subsystem 47
Figure 314 Electronic Patient Management Report Subsystem 48
Figure 41 Main Menu Electronic Hospital management system 53
Figure 42 Doctors Detail and Personal Data Form 54
Figure 43 Doctors Appointment Form 55
11
Figure 44 Room Detail form 56
Figure 45 Ward Detail form 57
Figure 46 In patient Detail Form 58
Figure 47 Guardian Detail form 59
Figure 48 Discharge Detail form 60
Figure 49 In Patient Billing Form 61
12
List of Tables
Table 31 Database design for Patient Form 35
Table 32 Employee Form 37
Fig 51 BEME 66
13
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
11 Background of the Study
An Electronic Patient Management System is any tool used to assist in the delivery of clinical care from point of care initiation to completion Tools include computer based attendance scheme for patient, payment processing software and information
14
technology systems, blood group and genotype to avoid test result mismatch of dataElectronic based attendance scheme for Patients is used by hospital to create process and record their attendance scheme for patient’s information This system is used to calculate the nurse punctuate to work It’s an effective tool in the hands of the hospital management
Duty is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment to someone or something The moral commitment is the sort that results in action, and it is not a matter of passive feelings or mere recognition When someone recognizes a duty, that person commits himself/herself to the cause involved without considering the self-interesting courses of actions that may have been relevant previously This is not to suggest that living a life of duty precludes one from the best sort of life, but duty does involve some sacrifice of immediate self-interestCicero is an early philosopher who acknowledged this possibility He discusses duty in his work “On Duty” He suggests that duties can come from four different sources:
1 It is a result of being human
2 It is a result of one’s personality place in life (your family, country, and job)
3 One’s own moral expectations for you can generate duties
From the root idea of obligation to serve or give something in return, involved in the conception of duty, have sprung various derivative uses of the word; thus it is
15
used of the services performed by a minister of a church, by a soldier, or by any employee or servantNurses today have a broad scope of responsibility as health care providers that require them, under some circumstance, to exercise independent professional judgment When nurses exercise their judgment negligently, they may be held liable because courts hold them to a correspondingly higher level of accountabilityNurses have been held liable for their failure to monitor and/or promptly respond to patients by informing physicians of significant changes in patient’s condition Under these types of circumstance, nurses have an affirmative duty to exercise their professional judgment to ensure that all adequate steps are taken to treat patients appropriately
Usage of Information Technology (IT) remained comparatively very less in Health sectors that other sector despite having more potential Health Institution, which is an important sector, should encourage IT usage resulting better productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and economics leading to better health care of all This paper tells a success of implementation of ICT (Information Communication Technology) in monitoring of medicine in health institution System work on low-end resources and E-mail (Electronic mail) based data transfer from District Head Quarter to State Head QuarterImplementation of Med-Centre in all the district of Enugu result in checking on pilferage (the act of stealing amounts or small articles) for medicine, increase in availability of medicine at Government institution,
16
increase in attendance of patients/doctor in health institution, optimal utilization of medicine and data capturing at source, resulting in availability of error-free data at Head Quarter
Electronic Patient Management System is a certified automated payment processing software It is used by hospitals to input, process and display their patient information This system is used to manage and maintain electronic medical records, patient information, prescriptions, lab reports etc It is an effective tool in the hand of the hospital management Shonahan Hospital,Nsukka, Enugu which is the case study, has patients whose fees are to be collected after treatment
Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu is one of the biggest and well equipped hospitals in Nigeria It has nine (9) training schools/programmers in the hospitalFrom the studies carried out by the researcher, the hospital’s initial means of recording was manual from automated system to computerized system which lacked some features such as patients and nurses records
The Hospital is a very important part of our society and it is imperative for healthcare providers to do their jobs in an efficient and effective manner Each day hundreds of thousands of patients enter healthcare facilities challenging the administration to run the show smoothly The employees have to manage and integrate clinical, financial and operational information that grows with the
17
practiceInformation technology has made a significant impact on the healthcare sector The past decade has witnessed the foray of numerous information systems and their resultant products into the hospital scenario The number of investments in computers and types of hospital systems has increased This is because paper medical records are cumbersome, bulky to use and difficult to manage On the other hand digital records are much easier to handle and improve the workflow efficiency by integrating various tasks The ultimate objective therefore, is to build a network of interdependent centers such as the clinical laboratory, radiology department, pharmacy, and so on in order to effectively meet the needs arising within the hospital Despite the fact that these individual centers are autonomous, they are interdependent in terms of delivering services and to ensure effectiveness of providing care All this can be achieved through hospital information systems that have formed the cornerstone of today’s modern hospital
A patient is any person who receives medical attention, care or treatment The person is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician or any other medical professional whereas an outpatient is a patient who is not hospitalized for 24 hours or more but who visits a hospital, clinic, or associated facility for diagnosis or treatment Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care
Title page i
Certification ii
Approval iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Abstract vi
Table of content vii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
11 Introduction 1
12 Statement of Problem 6
13 Objectives of the study 7
14 Significance of the Study 8
15 Scope of Study 9
16 Definition of Terms 9
17 Project work Organisation 11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
20 Literature review - 12
21 Patient Management System 14
7
22 Types of an Electronic patient Management system 16
221 Nursing Information System 16
222 Physical Information System 16
223 Radiology Information System 17
224 Pharmacy Information System 17
23 Benefits of Hospital Information System 18
24 Development and Future of Electronic Patient Management System 20
25 Features of Electronic Patient Management System 21
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
31 Methodology 22
32 Method of Data Collection 22
321 Primary Source 22
322 Secondary Source 23
33 Analysis of the Existing System 23
331 Input Analysis 25
332 Process Analysis 25
333 Output Analysis 25
34 Limitation of the Existing System 26
8
341 Justification For the New System 26
35 System Design 27
351 Input design and Specification 28
352 Information Flow Diagram 34
36 Database Design 35
37 System Flow Chart 39
38 Program Flow Chart 41
39 Top Down Design of the System 45
391 Registration Subsystem 46
392 Department Form Subsystem 47
393 DBMS Subsystem 48
394 Report Subsystem 49
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING AND INTEGRATION
41 Choice of Development tools 50
411 Operating System 50
412 Visual Basic 60 50
413 Microsoft Access 51
42 Hardware and Software Requirement 52
9
421 Hardware Requirement 52
422 Software Requirement 52
43 System Implementation 53
44 System Testing 62
441 Unit Test 63
442 System Test 63
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
51 Summary 64
52 Limitations 65
53 Recommendation 65
54 Conclusion 66
55 BEME 67
Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68
Appendix A: Program Codes 69
Appendix B: Sample Output - - - - - - - - - - - - 76
Appendix C: User Guide 81
10
List of Figures
Figure 31 Organisation Chart 24
Figure 32 Patient Form 29
Figure 33 Add Doctors Form 30
Figure 34 Add Employee Form 31
Figure 35 Hospital Service Form 32
Figure 36 Add Bed Form 33
Figure 37 Information Flow Diagram 34
Figure 38 System Flow Chart 39
Figure 39 Program Flow Chart 40-43
Figure 310 Top Down Design 44
Figure 311 Electronic Patient Management Registration Subsystem 45
Figure 312 Department Form Subsystem 46
Figure 313 Electronic Patient Management DBMS Subsystem 47
Figure 314 Electronic Patient Management Report Subsystem 48
Figure 41 Main Menu Electronic Hospital management system 53
Figure 42 Doctors Detail and Personal Data Form 54
Figure 43 Doctors Appointment Form 55
11
Figure 44 Room Detail form 56
Figure 45 Ward Detail form 57
Figure 46 In patient Detail Form 58
Figure 47 Guardian Detail form 59
Figure 48 Discharge Detail form 60
Figure 49 In Patient Billing Form 61
12
List of Tables
Table 31 Database design for Patient Form 35
Table 32 Employee Form 37
Fig 51 BEME 66
13
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
11 Background of the Study
An Electronic Patient Management System is any tool used to assist in the delivery of clinical care from point of care initiation to completion Tools include computer based attendance scheme for patient, payment processing software and information
14
technology systems, blood group and genotype to avoid test result mismatch of dataElectronic based attendance scheme for Patients is used by hospital to create process and record their attendance scheme for patient’s information This system is used to calculate the nurse punctuate to work It’s an effective tool in the hands of the hospital management
Duty is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment to someone or something The moral commitment is the sort that results in action, and it is not a matter of passive feelings or mere recognition When someone recognizes a duty, that person commits himself/herself to the cause involved without considering the self-interesting courses of actions that may have been relevant previously This is not to suggest that living a life of duty precludes one from the best sort of life, but duty does involve some sacrifice of immediate self-interestCicero is an early philosopher who acknowledged this possibility He discusses duty in his work “On Duty” He suggests that duties can come from four different sources:
1 It is a result of being human
2 It is a result of one’s personality place in life (your family, country, and job)
3 One’s own moral expectations for you can generate duties
From the root idea of obligation to serve or give something in return, involved in the conception of duty, have sprung various derivative uses of the word; thus it is
15
used of the services performed by a minister of a church, by a soldier, or by any employee or servantNurses today have a broad scope of responsibility as health care providers that require them, under some circumstance, to exercise independent professional judgment When nurses exercise their judgment negligently, they may be held liable because courts hold them to a correspondingly higher level of accountabilityNurses have been held liable for their failure to monitor and/or promptly respond to patients by informing physicians of significant changes in patient’s condition Under these types of circumstance, nurses have an affirmative duty to exercise their professional judgment to ensure that all adequate steps are taken to treat patients appropriately
Usage of Information Technology (IT) remained comparatively very less in Health sectors that other sector despite having more potential Health Institution, which is an important sector, should encourage IT usage resulting better productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and economics leading to better health care of all This paper tells a success of implementation of ICT (Information Communication Technology) in monitoring of medicine in health institution System work on low-end resources and E-mail (Electronic mail) based data transfer from District Head Quarter to State Head QuarterImplementation of Med-Centre in all the district of Enugu result in checking on pilferage (the act of stealing amounts or small articles) for medicine, increase in availability of medicine at Government institution,
16
increase in attendance of patients/doctor in health institution, optimal utilization of medicine and data capturing at source, resulting in availability of error-free data at Head Quarter
Electronic Patient Management System is a certified automated payment processing software It is used by hospitals to input, process and display their patient information This system is used to manage and maintain electronic medical records, patient information, prescriptions, lab reports etc It is an effective tool in the hand of the hospital management Shonahan Hospital,Nsukka, Enugu which is the case study, has patients whose fees are to be collected after treatment
Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu is one of the biggest and well equipped hospitals in Nigeria It has nine (9) training schools/programmers in the hospitalFrom the studies carried out by the researcher, the hospital’s initial means of recording was manual from automated system to computerized system which lacked some features such as patients and nurses records
The Hospital is a very important part of our society and it is imperative for healthcare providers to do their jobs in an efficient and effective manner Each day hundreds of thousands of patients enter healthcare facilities challenging the administration to run the show smoothly The employees have to manage and integrate clinical, financial and operational information that grows with the
17
practiceInformation technology has made a significant impact on the healthcare sector The past decade has witnessed the foray of numerous information systems and their resultant products into the hospital scenario The number of investments in computers and types of hospital systems has increased This is because paper medical records are cumbersome, bulky to use and difficult to manage On the other hand digital records are much easier to handle and improve the workflow efficiency by integrating various tasks The ultimate objective therefore, is to build a network of interdependent centers such as the clinical laboratory, radiology department, pharmacy, and so on in order to effectively meet the needs arising within the hospital Despite the fact that these individual centers are autonomous, they are interdependent in terms of delivering services and to ensure effectiveness of providing care All this can be achieved through hospital information systems that have formed the cornerstone of today’s modern hospital
A patient is any person who receives medical attention, care or treatment The person is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician or any other medical professional whereas an outpatient is a patient who is not hospitalized for 24 hours or more but who visits a hospital, clinic, or associated facility for diagnosis or treatment Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care
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