Design And Implementation Of An Electronic Patient Management System
By
Author
Presented To
Department of Computer Science
ABSTRACT
This project title is written to help hospitals especially SHONAHAN HOSPITAL, NSUKKA, Enugu in the areas they encounter problems in keeping their attendance scheme for patient and the solution given to tackle problem such as transforming the existing manual attendance scheme for patients system in which the existing problems involved at the time was laziness of the Doctors to work, misplacement of files, excessive loitering around of patient for their files and loitering of paper in the office.
This software reports on our pilot evaluation of AN ELECTRONIC PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM and their Doctors. The aim is to improve the quality of care to patient and the information about them, as indicated by an improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of care and in an increase in patient’s satisfaction.
This study makes clear that a thorough exploration of users needs before building the system, using qualitative research methods may be crucial because it can prevent data mismatch and maximize the chance that the eventual management system meets its most important aim: to enhance patient’s empowerment and improve the quality of care services.
In order to handle this, I decided to introduce a new an electronic patient management system for patients. The project dwells more on Computer duty schedule. This is implemented with Visual Basic programming 6.0 language and Microsoft Access for effective information keeping.
6
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page - - - - - - - …i
Certification - - - - - - - ii
Approval…… - - - - - - ……iii
Dedication - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgment - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - …vi
Table of content - - - - - - …vii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
11 Introduction - - - - - - - …1
12 Statement of Problem - - - - - - 6
13 Objectives of the study - - - - … - ……7
14 Significance of the Study - - - - - ……8
15 Scope of Study - - - - - - - 9
16 Definition of Terms - - - - - - …9
17 Project work Organisation - - - - - …11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
20 Literature review - - - - - - …… - 12
21 Patient Management System - - - - - …14
7
22 Types of an Electronic patient Management system - - …16
221 Nursing Information System - - - - - 16
222 Physical Information System - - - - - 16
223 Radiology Information System…… - - - - 17
224 Pharmacy Information System - - - - - 17
23 Benefits of Hospital Information System - - - - 18
24 Development and Future of Electronic Patient Management System……20
25 Features of Electronic Patient Management System - - …21
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
31 Methodology - - - - - - …… 22
32 Method of Data Collection…… - - - - 22
321 Primary Source - - … - - - ……22
322 Secondary Source - - - - - - 23
33 Analysis of the Existing System - - - - …23
331 Input Analysis - - - - - - …25
332 Process Analysis - - - - - - 25
333 Output Analysis - - - - - - …25
34 Limitation of the Existing System… - - - - 26
8
341 Justification For the New System - - - - …26
35 System Design - - - - - - - 27
351 Input design and Specification - - - - - 28
352 Information Flow Diagram - - - - - …34
36 Database Design - - - - - …… - 35
37 System Flow Chart - - - - - - ……39
38 Program Flow Chart - - - - - - ……41
39 Top Down Design of the System - - - - - 45
391 Registration Subsystem - - - - - - 46
392 Department Form Subsystem - - - - - …47
393 DBMS Subsystem - - - - - - ……48
394 Report Subsystem - - - - - - ……49
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING AND INTEGRATION
41 Choice of Development tools - - - - - …50
411 Operating System - - - - - - …50
412 Visual Basic 60 - - - - - - ……50
413 Microsoft Access - - - - - - ……51
42 Hardware and Software Requirement - - - - …52
9
421 Hardware Requirement - - - - - - 52
422 Software Requirement - - - - - - 52
43 System Implementation - - - - - ………53
44 System Testing - - - - - - - 62
441 Unit Test - - - - - - - ……63
442 System Test - - - - - - - …63
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
51 Summary - - - - - - - - …64
52 Limitations - - - - - - - - …65
53 Recommendation… - - - - - - - 65
54 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 66
55 BEME - - - - - - - - ……67
Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68
Appendix A: Program Codes - - - - - - 69
Appendix B: Sample Output - - - - - - - - - - - - 76
Appendix C: User Guide - - - - - - ……81
10
List of Figures
Figure 31 Organisation Chart - - - - - 24
Figure 32 Patient Form - - - - - - 29
Figure 33 Add Doctors Form - - - - - 30
Figure 34 Add Employee Form - - - - - 31
Figure 35 Hospital Service Form - - - - ……32
Figure 36 Add Bed Form - - - - - ……33
Figure 37 Information Flow Diagram - - - - 34
Figure 38 System Flow Chart - - - - - …39
Figure 39 Program Flow Chart - - - - - …40-43
Figure 310 Top Down Design - - - - - …44
Figure 311 Electronic Patient Management Registration Subsystem……45
Figure 312 Department Form Subsystem - - - - …46
Figure 313 Electronic Patient Management DBMS Subsystem - ……47
Figure 314 Electronic Patient Management Report Subsystem - ……48
Figure 41 Main Menu Electronic Hospital management system - - 53
Figure 42 Doctors Detail and Personal Data Form - - - ……54
Figure 43 Doctors Appointment Form - - - - - …55
11
Figure 44 Room Detail form - - - - - - ……56
Figure 45 Ward Detail form - - - - - - ……57
Figure 46 In patient Detail Form - - - - - - 58
Figure 47 Guardian Detail form - - - - - - 59
Figure 48 Discharge Detail form - - - - - - 60
Figure 49 In Patient Billing Form - - - - - ……61
12
List of Tables
Table 31 Database design for Patient Form - - - ……35
Table 32 Employee Form - - - - - - 37
Fig 51 BEME - - - - - - - …66
13
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
11 Background of the Study
An Electronic Patient Management System is any tool used to assist in the delivery of clinical care from point of care initiation to completion Tools include computer based attendance scheme for patient, payment processing software and information
14
technology systems, blood group and genotype to avoid test result mismatch of dataElectronic based attendance scheme for Patients is used by hospital to create process and record their attendance scheme for patient’s information This system is used to calculate the nurse punctuate to work It’s an effective tool in the hands of the hospital management
Duty is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment to someone or something The moral commitment is the sort that results in action, and it is not a matter of passive feelings or mere recognition When someone recognizes a duty, that person commits himself/herself to the cause involved without considering the self-interesting courses of actions that may have been relevant previously This is not to suggest that living a life of duty precludes one from the best sort of life, but duty does involve some sacrifice of immediate self-interestCicero is an early philosopher who acknowledged this possibility He discusses duty in his work "On Duty" He suggests that duties can come from four different sources:
1 It is a result of being human
2 It is a result of one’s personality place in life (your family, country, and job)
3 One’s own moral expectations for you can generate duties
From the root idea of obligation to serve or give something in return, involved in the conception of duty, have sprung various derivative uses of the word; thus it is
15
used of the services performed by a minister of a church, by a soldier, or by any employee or servantNurses today have a broad scope of responsibility as health care providers that require them, under some circumstance, to exercise independent professional judgment When nurses exercise their judgment negligently, they may be held liable because courts hold them to a correspondingly higher level of accountabilityNurses have been held liable for their failure to monitor and/or promptly respond to patients by informing physicians of significant changes in patient’s condition Under these types of circumstance, nurses have an affirmative duty to exercise their professional judgment to ensure that all adequate steps are taken to treat patients appropriately
Usage of Information Technology (IT) remained comparatively very less in Health sectors that other sector despite having more potential Health Institution, which is an important sector, should encourage IT usage resulting better productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and economics leading to better health care of all This paper tells a success of implementation of ICT (Information Communication Technology) in monitoring of medicine in health institution System work on low-end resources and E-mail (Electronic mail) based data transfer from District Head Quarter to State Head QuarterImplementation of Med-Centre in all the district of Enugu result in checking on pilferage (the act of stealing amounts or small articles) for medicine, increase in availability of medicine at Government institution,
16
increase in attendance of patients/doctor in health institution, optimal utilization of medicine and data capturing at source, resulting in availability of error-free data at Head Quarter
Electronic Patient Management System is a certified automated payment processing software It is used by hospitals to input, process and display their patient information This system is used to manage and maintain electronic medical records, patient information, prescriptions, lab reports etc It is an effective tool in the hand of the hospital management Shonahan Hospital,Nsukka, Enugu which is the case study, has patients whose fees are to be collected after treatment
Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu is one of the biggest and well equipped hospitals in Nigeria It has nine (9) training schools/programmers in the hospitalFrom the studies carried out by the researcher, the hospital’s initial means of recording was manual from automated system to computerized system which lacked some features such as patients and nurses records
The Hospital is a very important part of our society and it is imperative for healthcare providers to do their jobs in an efficient and effective manner Each day hundreds of thousands of patients enter healthcare facilities challenging the administration to run the show smoothly The employees have to manage and integrate clinical, financial and operational information that grows with the
17
practiceInformation technology has made a significant impact on the healthcare sector The past decade has witnessed the foray of numerous information systems and their resultant products into the hospital scenario The number of investments in computers and types of hospital systems has increased This is because paper medical records are cumbersome, bulky to use and difficult to manage On the other hand digital records are much easier to handle and improve the workflow efficiency by integrating various tasks The ultimate objective therefore, is to build a network of interdependent centers such as the clinical laboratory, radiology department, pharmacy, and so on in order to effectively meet the needs arising within the hospital Despite the fact that these individual centers are autonomous, they are interdependent in terms of delivering services and to ensure effectiveness of providing care All this can be achieved through hospital information systems that have formed the cornerstone of today’s modern hospital
A patient is any person who receives medical attention, care or treatment The person is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician or any other medical professional whereas an outpatient is a patient who is not hospitalized for 24 hours or more but who visits a hospital, clinic, or associated facility for diagnosis or treatment Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care
Title page - - - - - - - …i
Certification - - - - - - - ii
Approval…… - - - - - - ……iii
Dedication - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgment - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - …vi
Table of content - - - - - - …vii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
11 Introduction - - - - - - - …1
12 Statement of Problem - - - - - - 6
13 Objectives of the study - - - - … - ……7
14 Significance of the Study - - - - - ……8
15 Scope of Study - - - - - - - 9
16 Definition of Terms - - - - - - …9
17 Project work Organisation - - - - - …11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
20 Literature review - - - - - - …… - 12
21 Patient Management System - - - - - …14
7
22 Types of an Electronic patient Management system - - …16
221 Nursing Information System - - - - - 16
222 Physical Information System - - - - - 16
223 Radiology Information System…… - - - - 17
224 Pharmacy Information System - - - - - 17
23 Benefits of Hospital Information System - - - - 18
24 Development and Future of Electronic Patient Management System……20
25 Features of Electronic Patient Management System - - …21
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
31 Methodology - - - - - - …… 22
32 Method of Data Collection…… - - - - 22
321 Primary Source - - … - - - ……22
322 Secondary Source - - - - - - 23
33 Analysis of the Existing System - - - - …23
331 Input Analysis - - - - - - …25
332 Process Analysis - - - - - - 25
333 Output Analysis - - - - - - …25
34 Limitation of the Existing System… - - - - 26
8
341 Justification For the New System - - - - …26
35 System Design - - - - - - - 27
351 Input design and Specification - - - - - 28
352 Information Flow Diagram - - - - - …34
36 Database Design - - - - - …… - 35
37 System Flow Chart - - - - - - ……39
38 Program Flow Chart - - - - - - ……41
39 Top Down Design of the System - - - - - 45
391 Registration Subsystem - - - - - - 46
392 Department Form Subsystem - - - - - …47
393 DBMS Subsystem - - - - - - ……48
394 Report Subsystem - - - - - - ……49
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING AND INTEGRATION
41 Choice of Development tools - - - - - …50
411 Operating System - - - - - - …50
412 Visual Basic 60 - - - - - - ……50
413 Microsoft Access - - - - - - ……51
42 Hardware and Software Requirement - - - - …52
9
421 Hardware Requirement - - - - - - 52
422 Software Requirement - - - - - - 52
43 System Implementation - - - - - ………53
44 System Testing - - - - - - - 62
441 Unit Test - - - - - - - ……63
442 System Test - - - - - - - …63
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
51 Summary - - - - - - - - …64
52 Limitations - - - - - - - - …65
53 Recommendation… - - - - - - - 65
54 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 66
55 BEME - - - - - - - - ……67
Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68
Appendix A: Program Codes - - - - - - 69
Appendix B: Sample Output - - - - - - - - - - - - 76
Appendix C: User Guide - - - - - - ……81
10
List of Figures
Figure 31 Organisation Chart - - - - - 24
Figure 32 Patient Form - - - - - - 29
Figure 33 Add Doctors Form - - - - - 30
Figure 34 Add Employee Form - - - - - 31
Figure 35 Hospital Service Form - - - - ……32
Figure 36 Add Bed Form - - - - - ……33
Figure 37 Information Flow Diagram - - - - 34
Figure 38 System Flow Chart - - - - - …39
Figure 39 Program Flow Chart - - - - - …40-43
Figure 310 Top Down Design - - - - - …44
Figure 311 Electronic Patient Management Registration Subsystem……45
Figure 312 Department Form Subsystem - - - - …46
Figure 313 Electronic Patient Management DBMS Subsystem - ……47
Figure 314 Electronic Patient Management Report Subsystem - ……48
Figure 41 Main Menu Electronic Hospital management system - - 53
Figure 42 Doctors Detail and Personal Data Form - - - ……54
Figure 43 Doctors Appointment Form - - - - - …55
11
Figure 44 Room Detail form - - - - - - ……56
Figure 45 Ward Detail form - - - - - - ……57
Figure 46 In patient Detail Form - - - - - - 58
Figure 47 Guardian Detail form - - - - - - 59
Figure 48 Discharge Detail form - - - - - - 60
Figure 49 In Patient Billing Form - - - - - ……61
12
List of Tables
Table 31 Database design for Patient Form - - - ……35
Table 32 Employee Form - - - - - - 37
Fig 51 BEME - - - - - - - …66
13
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
11 Background of the Study
An Electronic Patient Management System is any tool used to assist in the delivery of clinical care from point of care initiation to completion Tools include computer based attendance scheme for patient, payment processing software and information
14
technology systems, blood group and genotype to avoid test result mismatch of dataElectronic based attendance scheme for Patients is used by hospital to create process and record their attendance scheme for patient’s information This system is used to calculate the nurse punctuate to work It’s an effective tool in the hands of the hospital management
Duty is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment to someone or something The moral commitment is the sort that results in action, and it is not a matter of passive feelings or mere recognition When someone recognizes a duty, that person commits himself/herself to the cause involved without considering the self-interesting courses of actions that may have been relevant previously This is not to suggest that living a life of duty precludes one from the best sort of life, but duty does involve some sacrifice of immediate self-interestCicero is an early philosopher who acknowledged this possibility He discusses duty in his work "On Duty" He suggests that duties can come from four different sources:
1 It is a result of being human
2 It is a result of one’s personality place in life (your family, country, and job)
3 One’s own moral expectations for you can generate duties
From the root idea of obligation to serve or give something in return, involved in the conception of duty, have sprung various derivative uses of the word; thus it is
15
used of the services performed by a minister of a church, by a soldier, or by any employee or servantNurses today have a broad scope of responsibility as health care providers that require them, under some circumstance, to exercise independent professional judgment When nurses exercise their judgment negligently, they may be held liable because courts hold them to a correspondingly higher level of accountabilityNurses have been held liable for their failure to monitor and/or promptly respond to patients by informing physicians of significant changes in patient’s condition Under these types of circumstance, nurses have an affirmative duty to exercise their professional judgment to ensure that all adequate steps are taken to treat patients appropriately
Usage of Information Technology (IT) remained comparatively very less in Health sectors that other sector despite having more potential Health Institution, which is an important sector, should encourage IT usage resulting better productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and economics leading to better health care of all This paper tells a success of implementation of ICT (Information Communication Technology) in monitoring of medicine in health institution System work on low-end resources and E-mail (Electronic mail) based data transfer from District Head Quarter to State Head QuarterImplementation of Med-Centre in all the district of Enugu result in checking on pilferage (the act of stealing amounts or small articles) for medicine, increase in availability of medicine at Government institution,
16
increase in attendance of patients/doctor in health institution, optimal utilization of medicine and data capturing at source, resulting in availability of error-free data at Head Quarter
Electronic Patient Management System is a certified automated payment processing software It is used by hospitals to input, process and display their patient information This system is used to manage and maintain electronic medical records, patient information, prescriptions, lab reports etc It is an effective tool in the hand of the hospital management Shonahan Hospital,Nsukka, Enugu which is the case study, has patients whose fees are to be collected after treatment
Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu is one of the biggest and well equipped hospitals in Nigeria It has nine (9) training schools/programmers in the hospitalFrom the studies carried out by the researcher, the hospital’s initial means of recording was manual from automated system to computerized system which lacked some features such as patients and nurses records
The Hospital is a very important part of our society and it is imperative for healthcare providers to do their jobs in an efficient and effective manner Each day hundreds of thousands of patients enter healthcare facilities challenging the administration to run the show smoothly The employees have to manage and integrate clinical, financial and operational information that grows with the
17
practiceInformation technology has made a significant impact on the healthcare sector The past decade has witnessed the foray of numerous information systems and their resultant products into the hospital scenario The number of investments in computers and types of hospital systems has increased This is because paper medical records are cumbersome, bulky to use and difficult to manage On the other hand digital records are much easier to handle and improve the workflow efficiency by integrating various tasks The ultimate objective therefore, is to build a network of interdependent centers such as the clinical laboratory, radiology department, pharmacy, and so on in order to effectively meet the needs arising within the hospital Despite the fact that these individual centers are autonomous, they are interdependent in terms of delivering services and to ensure effectiveness of providing care All this can be achieved through hospital information systems that have formed the cornerstone of today’s modern hospital
A patient is any person who receives medical attention, care or treatment The person is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician or any other medical professional whereas an outpatient is a patient who is not hospitalized for 24 hours or more but who visits a hospital, clinic, or associated facility for diagnosis or treatment Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care
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