TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page - - - - - - - - - - -i
Certification page - - - - - - - - -ii
Dedication -- - - - - - - - - -iii
Acknowledgement- - - - - - - - -iv
Table of contents - - - - - - - - - -v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - -viii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction - - - - - - - - - -1
1.1 Prevalence of erectile Dysfunction in women- - - - -2
1.2 Prevalence of erectile Dysfunction in men-- - - - -3
1.3 Objective study and aims - - - - - - - -4
1.4 Nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathways with some emphasis on cavernosal contractility - - - - - - - - -4
1.5 Synthesis of Nitric oxide - - - - - - -6
1.6 Inactivation - - - - - - - - -10
1.7 The nitric oxide Receptor: soluble guanylate cyclase - - -10
1.8 Intracellular cyclic GMP receptor proteins - - -12
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 Normal pennies Anatomy - - - - - - -17
2.2 How election occurs in males - - - - - -18
2.3 How election sustained - - - - - - -18
2.4 Causes of ED in males - - - - - - -18
2.5 Physical causes ED in males - - - - - -19
2.6 Psychological causes of ED in males - - - - -23
2.7 Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction - - - - - -24
2.8 Literature review on female erectile dysfunction - - -27
2.9 Normal anatomy of the female external Gentialia - - -27
2.10 Causes of ED in females - - - - - -28
2.11 Psychological causes of ED in females - - - -31
2.12 Mechanisms of action burantashi - - - - -32
2.13 Taxonomy - - - - - - - - -35
2.14 Cholesterol - - - - - - - - -36
2.15 Dietary source and effect of diet in cholesterol - - -38
2.16 Functions‟ of cholesterol in body - - - - -40
2.17 Lipoprotein metabolism - - - - - - -41
2.18 Reaction catalyzed by LCAT - - - - - -42
2.19 Very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) - - - - -45
2.20 Metabolism of VLDL - - - - - - -45
2.21 Low density lipoproteins - - - - - - -45
2.22 Function of LDL - - - - - - - -47
2.23 High density lipoprotein - - - - - - -47
2.24 Clinical significant - - - - - - -48
2.25 Role of alpha adrenergic receptors in erectile function - -49
2.26 Role of alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in human penile erectile function - - - - - - - - -51
2.27 Classification of alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human corpus cavernosum - - - - - - - - -52
2.28 Idenification of alpha 1 adrenergic reception subtypes in human corpus cavernosum - - - - - - - - -53
2.29 Identification and characterisation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor substypes in penile corpus cavernosum - - - - -54
2.30 Functional (psysiological) studies of alpha and alpha-2 adrenergic
receptor in erectile tissue. - - - - - - -55
2.31 Molecular mechanism of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in erectile tissue
corpus cavernosum - - - - - - - -56
2.32 Molecular mechanism of action of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in
erectile tissue corpus cavernosum - - - - -57
2.33 Blockade of alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptor activity by
selective and non-selective alpha 1 an 2 receptor antagonises -59
2.34 Alpha 1 and alpha 2 selective antagonists - - - -60
2.35 Alpha 1 selective antagonists - - - - - -61
2.36 Alpha 2 selective antagonists - - - - - -62
2.37 Physiological (Functional) antagonism of alpha and alpha 2 adrenergic
receptors activity by vasodilators: the balance between contraction
and Relaxtion - - - - - - - - -63
CHAPTER THREE
Material and methods
3.1 materials - - - - - - - - -68
3.2 extract yield of ethanol extract and aqueous extract - - -75
3.3 Phytochemical properties of extract - - - - -79
3.4 Effect of extracts on serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (SGOT) activity of Wistar rats - - - - - - ------ -81
3.5 Effect of extract on serum glutamate pyrurate transaminase (SGPT) activity of Wistar rats - - - - - - - -- 82
3.6 Effect of extracts on alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity of wistar rats
- - - - - - - - - - - 83
3.7 Effect of extracts on plasma glutamate transferase activity (IULV) of
wistar rats. - - - - - - - - -83
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1. Yield of the extracts - - - - - - - -82
4.2. Phytochemical data - - - - - - - -82
4.2. Effect of extracts on cholesterol level of rats - - - -83
4.3. Effect of extracts on LDL level of rats - - - - -84
4.4. Effects of extracts on HDL of rats - - - - -85
4.4. Effects of extracts on Triacylglycerol on diabetic rats - -86
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion and conclusion - - - - - - -87
References - - - - - - - - - -88
