OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND ALTERNATIVE HOSTS OF VIRUSES INFECTING SWEET POTATOES (Ipomoea batatas L.) IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
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Department of Agricultural Science
ABSTRACT
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Viruses have been reported to be one of the factors hindering sweet potato production. Sweet potato feathery mottle virus and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus were first reported in Ibadan Nigeria. These were reported and found to be responsible for the severe Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD). These viruses had been reported to cause yield reductions of 78 % in field trials in Nigeria. Information on these viruses in Northern Nigeria and Kaduna State in particular where sweet potato is largely grown is not available. Therefore, field surveys were conducted to determine the occurrence, distribution and alternative hosts of viruses infecting sweet potatoes in six Local Government Areas of Kaduna State. In July 2016, survey was conducted on sweet potatoes and weed plants in the wet season. A second survey for weed hosts was done in January 2017 dry season. The Local Government Areas visited are Giwa (Sabon-Gida, Hayin-Safiu and Halkama), Igabi (Lambakau, Fanguruzan and Tumbau), Kachia (Angwan-Ayuba, Sakwai and Gwame), Kudan (Jaja, Angwan-Sako, Dumiga), Soba (Farin-Kasa, Tabasariki and Sambirni) and Zangon-Kataf (Lenak, Zonkwa and Samaru- Kataf). Eighteen (18) farms were surveyed. In each LGA, three farms were visited. In each farm, seven (7) sweet potato leaf samples were collected making a total of 126 samples for all the six Local Government. In both wet and dry season surveys, 3 weed plants was collected per farm making a total of 108 weed samples for all the six Local Government Areas. Sweet potato leaves and weeds with and without symptoms were analysed for detection of Sweet potato viruses. Triple Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (TAS- ELISA) was used for the detection of SPCSV while Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS- ELISA) was used for the detection of SPFMV and SPV2. The three viruses were identified in single and mixed infection for the first time on sweet potatoes and weeds in Kaduna State Nigeria. Based on the result obtained in the laboratory analysis, Giwa LGA farms had a very high incidence of SPCSV (100%) while other viruses and their mixed infections were not detected. In Kudan LGA farms, percentage incidences of SPCSV was 70%, SPV2 (11%), SPFMV (4%), SPFMV + SPCSV (4%), SPCSV + SPV2 (11%) were identified, other mixed infections were zero. For Soba LGA farms, incidence of SPCSV was 72%, SPV2 (10%), SPCSV+SPV2 (29%) were detected. Igabi LGA farms recorded percentage incidence of SPCSV was 39%, SPFMV (22%), SPV2 (10%), SPFMV + SPCSV (11%), SPCSV + SPV2 (10%), SPFMV + SPV2 (4%), and triple infections of SPFMV +SPCSV + SPV2 (4%). Kachia LGA farms had incidences of SPFMV 62%, SPCSV (16%), SPV2 (9%), SPFMV + SPCSV (9%), SPFMV + SPV2 (4%). While Zangon-Kataf LGA farms recorded SPFMV incidence was (39%), SPCSV (31%), SPV2 (22%), SPFMV + SPCSV (8%) in percentage. The alternative host detected for SPFMV was the weed Morning glory, Ipomoea hederaceae L. of the family Convolvulaceae.
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