DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PLANKTON COMPOSITION OF WAWAN-RAFI LAKE IN KAZAURE, NIGERIA
By
AHMED USMAN
Presented To
Department of Biological Science
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the Physico-Chemical parameters and plankton composition of Wawan-
Rafi Lake in Kazaure, Nigeria. Monthly variation and composition of Physico-Chemical and
biological (plankton) parameters of Wawan-rafi Lake were studied for a period of six months
(July – December 2013). Result showed monthly variations of Physico-Chemical parameters.
Means of monthly values of pH ranges between 6.00-7.12, temperature ranged between 18 –
240C, and electrical conductivity was between 273.33µs/cm – 540.00µs/cm . Dissolve
oxygen (DO), Dissolved solid (DS) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Means of
monthly values ranges between 3.53±0.03 mg/l – 6.00±0.31mg/l, 103.67±5.78mg/l -
131.00±12.01mg/l, and 5.10±0.10mg/l – 6.83±0.20mg/l respectively. While Suspended Solid
(SS), sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) their Means of
monthly values ranges between 2.33±1.95mg/l – 96.00±8.96mg/l, 5.94±3.60mg/l –
14.98±0.09mg/l, 8.33±2.98mg/l – 16.73±0.88mg/l,8.97±0.63mg/l-10.37±0.38mg/l and
1.50±1.01mg/l–6.00±1.16mg/l respectively . Four Phytoplankton phyla were recorded, they
were dominated by Chlorophyta then Cyanophyta followed by Euglenophyta and
Bacillariophyta. The Zooplankton of the lake were made up of Protozoa, Rotifers and
Cladocera. Correlation matrix showed that there were significant correlation between
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Physico-Chemical parameters. The composition of plankton
of Wawan-Rafi Lake were affected by seasonal variations and fluctuation of Physico-
Chemical parameters.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Title page………………………………………………………………………….……….. ii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………… iii
Declaration………………………………………………………………………… - - . iv
Certification……………………………………………………………………………… v
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….……… - vi
Abstract - ………………………………………………………………………… - - . vii
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………… - viii
List of Tables…… - ……………………………………………………… - …………. xiii
List of Plates……………………………………………………………………… - - xiv
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………… xv
List of Appendices……………………………………………………………… - ……. xvi
1.0 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 1
1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem.…………………………………………….. 4
1.3 Justification…………………………………………………..………… - - - . 5
1.4 Aim……………………………………………………………………… - ……… 5
1.5 Objectives………………………………………………………………… - … - . 5
1.6 Hypotheses..………………………………………………………………..……… 6
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………… - ……………… - .. 7
2.1 Physico-Chemical Parameters………………..……………………..……… - … - 7
2.1.1 Temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7
2.1.2 Turbidity………………………………………..……………………………… - .. 8
2.1.3 Water pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 9
2.1.4 Water hardness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 10
2.1.5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
2.1.6 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - - - - - - - - - - - .. 11
2.1.7 Electrical conductivity of water - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12
2.1.8 Total dissolved solids (TDS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 12
2.1.9 Phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13
2.1.10 Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 13
2.2 Biological Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
2.2.1 Studies on phytoplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
2.2.2 Studies on zooplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………… - 17
3.1 Study Area……………………………………………………………………… - 17
3.2 Sampling Stations…………………………………………………………..…… 17
3.3 Sampling Procedures……………………………………………………………. 17
3.4 Physico-Chemical Parameters………………………………………………….. 20
3.4.1 Determination of pH……………………………………………………………… 20
3.4.2 Determination of water temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 20
3.4.3 Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) and
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - - - - - - - - - - - - . 20
3.4.4 Determination of electrical conductivity, dissolved solids (DS)
and Suspended Solid (SS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 20
3.4.5 Determination of phosphate-phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - . 22
3.4.6 Determination of nitrate-nitrogen - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..
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