DETERMINATION OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SABUWA RESERVOIR, KATSINA STATE, NIRIA
By
YAHAYA MUHAMMED
Presented To
Department of Biological Science
ABSTRACT
Studies on some aspects of physic-chemical parameters, phytoplankton and zooplankton
composition were carried out for a period of twelve months in Sabuwa reservoir. Five
sampling stations were selected for the research using standard methods of experimental
analysis. Water depth, temperature, pH, transparency and electrical conductivity, ranges
between 40 – 502cm, 22oC – 29oC, 6.44 – 9.32, 22.5cm – 54cm, 11 - 85µmho-s
respectively.
Dissolved oxygen concentration, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-
phosphorus and alkalinity varied significantly between seasons (P<0.05). Four classes of
phytoplankton belonging to Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta were
observed during the study with Chlorophyta accounting for 41%, followed by Cyanophyta
34% then Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta. Phytoplanton exhibited significant seasonal and
spatial variations. Four classes of zooplankton belonging to Rotifera (35.9%), Cladocera
(28.6%), Copipoda (18.8%) and Protozoa (16.7%) were observed during the study. The
zooplankton groups exhibited significant variation between seasons where (p<0.05). Three
groups of macro-benthic invertebrates comprising of Molusca, Annelida, and Nematoda
were observed to be present. Stations 2 and 3 were found to be most productive while
stations 1, 4 and 5 are less productive. The seasonal variations observed in plankton and
macro-benthic composition, abundance and distribution were mainly a reflection of physic-
chemical changes associated with the reservoir and their respective responses by the biota.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Cover page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .i
Fly leaf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii
Title page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .iii
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..iv
Certification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . v
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vi
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .vii
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .ix
List of figure……………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………x
List of Tables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . xiii
List of Appendices - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . xvii
CHAPTER ONE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 18
1.0 NTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 18
1.1Statement of Research Problem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 20
1.2 Justification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 20
1.3Aim - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 21
1.4 Objectives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 22
1.5 Hypotheses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22
CHAPTER TWO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 23
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 23
2.1 Influence of Physico-chemical Parameters on Aquatic Organisms’ - - - - - - 24
2.1.1 Water Temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
2.1.2 Water Depth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 24
2.1.3 Transparency (Secchi Disc) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 25
2.1.4 Water pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 25
2.1.5 Electrical Conductivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
2.1.6 Water Hardness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
2.1.7 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 27
2.1.8 Biochemical Oxygen Demand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 27
2.1.9 Carbondioxide - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 28
2.1.10 Nitrate – Nitrogen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
2.1.11 Phosphate – Phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 28
2.1.12 Alkalinity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 29
2.2 Biological Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29
2.2.1 Phytoplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 29
2.2.2 Zooplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 30
2.2.3 Benthic Macro-invertebrates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31
CHAPTER THREE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32
3.1 Study Area - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32
3.2 Sampling Stations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32
3.3 Experimental Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 33
3.4 Physico-chemical Parameters Studied - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33
3.4.1 Water Temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33
3.4.2 Water Depth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 33
3.4.3 Water pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 34
3.4.4 Electrical Conductivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34
3.4.5 Transparency - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 35
3.4.6 Hardness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 35
3.4.7 Biochemical Oxygen Demand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .
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