DETERMINATION OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SABUWA RESERVOIR, KATSINA STATE, NIRIA

By

YAHAYA MUHAMMED

Presented To

Biological Science Department

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ABSTRACT

Studies on some aspects of physic-chemical parameters, phytoplankton and zooplankton

composition were carried out for a period of twelve months in Sabuwa reservoir. Five

sampling stations were selected for the research using standard methods of experimental

analysis. Water depth, temperature, pH, transparency and electrical conductivity, ranges

between 40 - 502cm, 22oC - 29oC, 6.44 - 9.32, 22.5cm - 54cm, 11 - 85Â�mho-s

respectively.

Dissolved oxygen concentration, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-

phosphorus and alkalinity varied significantly between seasons (P<0.05). Four classes of

phytoplankton belonging to Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta were

observed during the study with Chlorophyta accounting for 41%, followed by Cyanophyta

34% then Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta. Phytoplanton exhibited significant seasonal and

spatial variations. Four classes of zooplankton belonging to Rotifera (35.9%), Cladocera

(28.6%), Copipoda (18.8%) and Protozoa (16.7%) were observed during the study. The

zooplankton groups exhibited significant variation between seasons where (p<0.05). Three

groups of macro-benthic invertebrates comprising of Molusca, Annelida, and Nematoda

were observed to be present. Stations 2 and 3 were found to be most productive while

stations 1, 4 and 5 are less productive. The seasonal variations observed in plankton and

macro-benthic composition, abundance and distribution were mainly a reflection of physic-

chemical changes associated with the reservoir and their respective responses by the biota.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

Cover page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .i

Fly leaf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii

Title page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .iii

Declaration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..iv

Certification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . v

Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vi

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vii

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .vii

Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .ix

List of figure……………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………x

List of Tables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . xiii

List of Appendices - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . xvii

CHAPTER ONE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 18

1.0 NTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 18

1.1Statement of Research Problem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 20

1.2 Justification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 20

1.3Aim - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 21

1.4 Objectives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 22

1.5 Hypotheses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22

CHAPTER TWO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 23

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 23

2.1 Influence of Physico-chemical Parameters on Aquatic Organisms’ - - - - - - 24

2.1.1 Water Temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24

2.1.2 Water Depth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 24

2.1.3 Transparency (Secchi Disc) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 25

2.1.4 Water pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 25

2.1.5 Electrical Conductivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26

2.1.6 Water Hardness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26

2.1.7 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 27

2.1.8 Biochemical Oxygen Demand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 27

2.1.9 Carbondioxide - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 28

2.1.10 Nitrate – Nitrogen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28

2.1.11 Phosphate – Phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 28

2.1.12 Alkalinity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 29

2.2 Biological Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29

2.2.1 Phytoplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 29

2.2.2 Zooplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 30

2.2.3 Benthic Macro-invertebrates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31

CHAPTER THREE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

3.1 Study Area - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

3.2 Sampling Stations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

3.3 Experimental Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 33

3.4 Physico-chemical Parameters Studied - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

3.4.1 Water Temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

3.4.2 Water Depth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 33

3.4.3 Water pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 34

3.4.4 Electrical Conductivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34

3.4.5 Transparency - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 35

3.4.6 Hardness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 35

3.4.7 Biochemical Oxygen Demand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

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