ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM ON FOOD SECURITY IN THREE SELECTED STATES OF NORTH-WEST, NIGERIA
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Department of Agricultural Science
ABSTRACT
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The broad objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the National Program of Food Security (NPFS) on the income, technical efficiency, food security and poverty status of smallholder farmers in Kano, Kaduna and Katsina states. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. Three sites were purposively selected in each state while the sampled farmers were randomly selected. A total of 221 NPFS beneficiaries and 221 non- beneficiaries totaling 442 respondents were sampled in the study. The primary data used for the study were collected using structured questionnaire and was based on 2013 cropping season while the year for before was 2008 and after was 2013. Descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier production model, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke food insecurity and weighted poverty index, double difference estimator, logit regression analysis, probit regression analysis, paired t-test and Z- statistic were the tools of analyses employed to analyze the primary data. The result of the study revealed that most of the respondents were married, with age mean of 48 years and 47 years for the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. Majority of the farmers (58%) of the beneficiaries had no formal education. The mean household size of the respondents was 9 persons. Their mean farm size was 2 and 1.75 hactares for the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively with mean farming experiences of 23years and 22years for beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of NPFS, respectively. Crop farming was the major activity of the farmers. The study also revealed that the difference in the changes in the average incomes of the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries before and after the NPFS was statistically significant at 1% probability level. This implies that the program was successful in increasing the beneficiaries’ income. The result of the of the efficiency model showed that the NPFS variable was significant at 1% level and negatively related to the technical inefficiency of the farmers. This indicates that NPFS has enhanced the technical efficiency of the beneficiaries. However the farmers’ technical efficiency was 68% suggesting that technical efficiency could be improved through efficient utilization of their resources. Based on the result of the food insecurity indices of the respondents, the NPFS had a positive impact on the food security status of the beneficiaries. Only 37. 6% of the beneficiaries were food insecure while 57.9% of the non-beneficiaries were food insecure. The programme also had a positive impact on reducing the level of poverty among the beneficiaries as their poverty head count was 42% while that of the non-beneficiaries was 59%. The constraints to the effective implementation of the programme include untimely supply of inputs, insufficient availability of credit and untimely trainings. Inadequate funding was also a major constraint as was discovered in Katsina state where the expanded NPFS phase did not make as much impact as in the other two states. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the NPFS was successful in increasing the farmers’ income and enhancing their technical efficiency as well as their food security status. It has also alleviated the poverty status of the beneficiaries. Hence the recommendation that the NPFS should be scaled up to all the Local Government Areas in the country and it should be adequately funded in order to realize the full benefits and potentials of the programme.
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