POTENTIALS OF REMOTE SENSING AND G.I.S TECHNIQUES IN 3D SEISMIC SURVEY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FOR OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN THE NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA

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Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics

Abstract:

The study area is producing oil field that falls within a complex geology formation in the Northern Niger Delta basin with an unusual elevation anomaly relative to the neighbouring oil concessions. The choice of 21m SDH (Single Deep Hole) being deployed to the study area for the first time was geared at averting the high weathered layer thickness manifesting as high elevation as opposed to the conventional Pattern-hole source. This depth however still left the issue of attenuating effect of weathered layer unresolved as the study area witnessed high volume of weak shots records and voided and turn round effort to retake them. The research applied the principles of Remote Sensing and GIS in addressing the causes of these weak shots and optimizing seismic survey. The elevation was estimated to range from 4m to 65m using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission imagery generated Digital Elevation Model using the ArcGIS 10.1 software. Uphole survey analyzed in Upsphere geophysical Software also estimated a varying degree of weathered layer across the prospect ranging from 6.6m to 25.3m indicating mostly high at corresponding high elevation with highest volume of degraded shot quality. Conversely the low weathered layer regions exhibit low elevation and good to fair shot quality. A correlation of approximately one half of the shot point elevation was established to be the weathered layer thickness from a simple linear regression model which makes the expected quality of shot be made from elevation variation derived from digital elevation model (DEM). The possibility of planning and executing offset remotely was determined using high resolution Spot 5 image and the Google Pro to create an offset map from effective classification of the image to generate a LULC map. A lithology analysis of core samples taken from the uphole survey showed that there is little or no effect of host lithology on the explosive but LVL is a affected the quality of shots.

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