THE STUDY OF SOME ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.

By

Author

Presented To

Department of Human Nutrition

128 Pages 11,787 Words 132 Views PDF Format No. of Chapters: 1 to 5 Chapters
Reference/Bibliography: YES 4,000 NGN PROJECT
Abstract 

Nutrition is a fundamental part of human life and good nutrition is essential for survival, 
physical growth, mental development, health and well-being. The aim of the present 
study was to determine the relationship between Nutritional Status and Academic 
performance of Primary School Children in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. School children 
from Primary three to six were used for the study and were from three randomly selected 
Primary Schools within Zaria and its environs in Kaduna State. A total of 759 pupils 
made up of 385 girls and 374 boys were assessed. Ethical clearance was obtained from 
Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria and Self administered questionnaires 
were used which were completed by the parents or guardians of these children. Body 
anthropometrics such as height, weight, hip, waist, chest circumferences were measured 
using stadiometer and measuring tape from which BMI was calculated. The Nutritional 
status of the children were determined using the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) 
standard for BMI percentile, while the academic performance of the children were 
determined by finding the mean of the 5 subjects taken during their term examination. 
When a Childs BMI is less than 5th percentile is said to be Under weight , 5th percentile to 
less than 85th is said to be healthy weight, 85th to less than 95th percentile is said to be 
overweight, equal or greater than 95th percentile is said to be obese. The result of the 
present study showed that Overweight children performed better academically when 
compared to others with a mean academic score of 66.19±17.00, Underweight was 
observed to be more prevalent amongst the males than the females, while on the other 
hand, Overweight was more prominent in females than males. There was no statistical 
significant difference between the Nutritional status and Academic performance of the 
Primary School Children studied. The total number of children that were Underweight 
was 140 (71 males and 69 females) while a total number of 38 children were Overweight 
(12males and 26 females). Children whose parents attained tertiary education performed better academically than others. From the present study children whose parents are Civil 
servants performed better academically than others. This study also showed that a total 
number of 37 Children had a Heavy birth weight and tends to perform better academically 
than others while Children born in dry season perform better academically than children 
born in rainy season. Conclusively, this study showed that a high percentage of the 
population have Healthy weight, while only a small proportion was Obese. This could be 
a result of in balance in the food intake of the population and from the result the total 
number of children that were Overweight performed better academically than the Others 
which could mean that the children that were well fed and well nourished tend to do 
better academically than those that are not well fed and nourished.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i
Fly leaf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii
Title Page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. iii
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iv
Certification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . v
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . vi
Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. vii
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. viii
List of Tables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. xii
List of Figures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . xiii
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. xiv
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 1
1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 1
1.2 Statement of Research Problem - - - - - - - - - - - - . 3
1.3 Justification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 4
1.4 Aims and Objectives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4
1.4.1 Aim of the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4
1.4.2 Objectives of the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
1.5 Significance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 5
1.6 Study Hypothesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6
1.7 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 7
2.1 Factors Influencing Academic Achievement - - - - - - - - - . 7
2.1.1 Home related factors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 8
2.1.2 School related factors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12
2.1.3 Pupils characteristics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13
2.1.4 Teachers side factors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 18
2.2 Influence of Parents Level of Education - - - - - - - - - - .. 21
2.3 Level of Family Income - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 23
2.4 Parents Marital Status - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 25
2.5 Nutrition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 26
2.5.1 Breastfeeding versus Bottle-Feeding - - - - - - - - - - . 26
2.5.2 Nutrition in Childhood and Adolescence - - - - - - - - - . 28
2.5.3 Malnutrition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 29
2.5.4 Obesity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30
2.5.5 Infectious Disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 35
2.5.6 Infectious Disease and Malnutrition - - - - - - - - - - .. 35
2.5.7 Immunization - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 36
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38
3.1 Research Participants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38
3.2 Study Area - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 38
3.2.1 Kaduna State - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38
3.2.2 Zaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 38
3.2.3 Drainage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 41
3.2.4 The climate of Zaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 41
3.3 Methodology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42
3.4 Data Collection Technique - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43
3.5 Sampling Size Determination - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 43
3.6 Anthropometry - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44
3.7 Birth weight (kg) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46
3.8 Academic Performance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46
3.9 Nutritional Status - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47
3.10 Social Status - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 47
3.11 Ethical Approval - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 47
3.12 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria - - - - - - - - - - - .. 47
3.12.1 Inclusion Criteria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 47
3.12.2 Exclusion Criteria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48
3.13 Statistical Analysis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 48
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 49
4.1 Analysis of Study Population - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49
4.2 Nutritional Status and Anthropometric Variable - - - - - - - - . 49
4.3 Parents Socio economic Status - - - - - - - - - - - - . 53
4.4 Sex Variation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61
4.5 Nutritional Assessment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61
4.6 Birth weight, Season of Birth and Academic Performance - - - - - . 65
4.7 Correlations of Anthropometric Variables - - - - - - - - - .. 69
4.8 Multiiple Regression Model - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 69
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 72
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations - - - - - - - - . 79
6.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 79
6.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80
6.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 82
6.4 Contribution to Knowledge - - - - - - - - - - - - - 83
REFERENCES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84
APPENDIX - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 105

.
128 Pages 11,787 Words 132 Views PDF Format No. of Chapters: 1 to 5 Chapters
Reference/Bibliography: YES 4,000 NGN PROJECT

About e-Project Material Centre


e-Project Material Centre is a web service aimed at successfully assisting final year students with quality, well-researched, reliable, and ready-made project work. Our materials are recent, complete (chapter 1 to Minimum of Chapter 5, with references), and well-written. INSTANT ACCESS! INSTANT DOWNLOAD. Simply select your department, choose from our list of topics available, and explore your data.

Why Students Love to Use e-Project Material?


Guaranteed Delivery: Getting your project delivered on time is essential. You cannot afford to turn in your project past the deadline. That is why you must get your project online from a company that guarantees to meet your deadline. e-Project Topics Material Centre is happy to offer instant delivery of projects listed on our website. We can handle just about any deadline you send our way. Satisfaction Guaranteed: We always do whatever is necessary to ensure every customer's satisfaction.

Disclaimer


e-Project Topics Material Centre will only provide projects as a reference for your research. The projects ordered and produced should be used as a guide or framework for your own project. The contents of the projects should help you generate new ideas and thoughts for your own project. It is the aim of e-Project Topics Centre to only provide guidance by which the projects should be pursued. We are neither encouraging any form of plagiarism nor are we advocating the use of the projects produced herein for cheating.

Terms and Conditions


Using our service is LEGAL and IS NOT prohibited by any university/college policies. You are allowed to use the original model papers you will receive in the following ways:
  • As a source for additional understanding of the subject
  • As a source for ideas for your own research (if properly referenced)
  • For PROPER paraphrasing (see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase) Direct citing (if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the author's copyright.

Refund and Privacy Policy


  • Refunds: All sales are final. However, if you encounter any issues with accessing your purchased material, kindly contact our support team for immediate resolution.
  • Privacy Policy: Your personal information is protected and will not be shared with third parties. We ensure secure payment processing and data confidentiality.

Contact Information


e-projecttopics.com © copyright 2025 || Nigeria
Designed By: Powersoft Technology
X

Need Help Finding or Downloading Your Project Material?

If you don't see the topic you're looking for or You need urgent/express attention, click the WhatsApp Icon/link below to contact ADMIN and get the material you need instantly. We are always available online to attend to your needs. Thanks