AN APPRAISAL OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE) RULES 2009 IN NIGERIA

By

Author

Presented To

Department of Law

ABSTRACT

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 chose certain rights to protect under chapter IV and termed them as Fundamental Rights. These rights are chosen to be protected not only by the Constitution, but also by the African Charter on Human and Peoples „Right. Whenever there are breaches of these fundamental rights, the law provides a procedure for their enforcement, which is the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009. The basic objective of the 2009 Rules is to facilitate enforcement procedure by removing some of the impediments in 1979 rule. Unfortunately it is clear that the procedure for enforcement of Fundamental Rights is still bedeviled by delay. Many applications alleging serious human rights violations are routinely struck out or dismissed. However, the pertinent question is: to what extent are the human rights provision in these legal instruments realized or enforced? It is worthy of note that there are equally other important impediments in the realization of the objective of Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, such as the distinction between main claim and ancillary claim in the Nigerian fundamental rights, because litigants are cautious of whether or not their claim will succeed because of this distinction. This research examines the problem of delay associated with the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009 This dissertation made an in depth analysis of the rules and considered to what extent it achieved its objective in order to enhance a robust human right regime. To achieve a close "to- accurate‟ if not accurate result, the research embarked on a field work. To this end, both doctrinal and empirical method of research is used. This research found out that the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, though has brought tremendous changes in the field of human rights protection (e.g the abolishment of locus standi and leave, is still faced with some major setback like the issue of principal and ancillary claim in the enforcement of fundamental rights and the jurisdiction of the National Industrial Court which is not clear in the rule. The work recommend that Courts should do away with the dichotomy between principal and ancillary and the definition of courts in the Rule should include the National Industrial Court.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page - . i 
Declaration  ii 
Certification.. iii 
Acknowledgment. iv 
Dedication. v 
Table of Contents. vi 
List of Appendices - . ix 
List of Statues.. x 
List of Cases.. xi 
Abbreviations - . xiv 
Abstract - . xv

CHAP TER ONE

1.0 GENERALINTRODUCTION.1

1.1 Background to the Study..1

1.2 Statement of the Research Problem2

1.3 Aim and Objectives .3

1.4 Scope of the Research..4

1.5 Research Methodology.4

1.6 Literature Review..4

1.7 Justification of the Research.7

1.8 Organizational Layout - 7

CHAP TER TWO:

2.0 CONCEPTOFFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONALRIGHT - .9

2.1 Introduction.9

2.2 Meaning of Human Rights.10

2.3 The Concept of Fundamental Rights, Human Rights and Constitutional Rights

Distinguished.13

2.4 History of Fundamental Human Rights in Nigeria..14

2.5 Nature of Constitutional Provisions - - 22

2.6 The Nature of Fundamental Rights27

CHAP TER THREE

3.0 EXAMINATION OFTHEPROCEDUREFOR THE ENFORCEM ENT OF FUNDAMENTALHUMANRIGHTSINNIGERIA 30

3.1 Introduction  ..30

3.2 Individual and Institutional Frame work for the Enforcement of Fundamental Human Rights.31

3.3 Justiciability or otherwise of the Fundamental Human Rights under the Constitution33

3.4 Cause of Action - . 37

3.5 Jurisdiction of Courts.42

3.6 Procedure for enforcement46

3.6.1 Action Commenced by Originating Summons.48

3.6.2 The Grounds for Seeking Reliefs..51


3.5.3 Applicant?s written Address and Respondent?s Written Address 52

CHAPTERF OUR
4.0 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT PROCESS IN NIGERIA ..54

4.1 Introduction54

4.2 Instrument..55

4.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques - 55

4.4 Statistical Tool for Analysis of Data - .56

4.5 Reliability and Validity of Instrument56

4.6 Method of Data Analysis.56

4.7 Data Presentation and Analysis..56

4.8 Test of Proposition..57

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONAND RECOMMENDATIONS109

5.1 Summary of findings .. 109

5.3 Recommendations - 111

Bibliography112

Appendix A 116





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