EVALUATION OF PUBLIC HOUSING

By

Author

Presented To

Department of Architecture

ABSTRACT 

Governments all over the world are taking steps to address the problem of providing adequate and affordable housing to their people. Ogun State Government in Southwest  Nigeria is not left out in this drive, and thus initiated an integrated public housing programme in 2003 with the assumption that the use of  different strategies  by  different organizations  will result in  the provision of adequate housing and  improved quality of life  for different categories of people in  the State.  In view of the fact that the validity of this assumption has not been formally examined, this research therefore aimed at evaluating public housing in Ogun State, Nigeria, with a view to examining the extent to which  the different housing delivery strategies have provided adequate and satisfactory housing and influenced the quality of life of residents of public housing in the State. 
Survey  and qualitative research strategies as well as  proportionate and purposive  sampling 
techniques were used  in selecting respondents.  Primary data  was obtained  through the 
administration of questionnaire  to 90 purposely selected staff members, and oral  interviews with four senior management staff in  four key public housing agencies. In addition, questionnaire and observation schedule were used in obtaining data from 517  housing units  selected from four different housing delivery strategies based on the proportion  of their occurrence in nine  newly constructed  public  housing  estates. The  quantitative  data was  analysed using frequencies, percentages, cross tabulations,  discriminant, principal component  and categorical regression analyses; while the qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Findings  show  that  the  four public  housing agencies sampled  were rated as having adequate organizational capacity in public housing provision. However, housing provided by the agencies was  rated affordable,  inadequate and not satisfactory by the residents. Although, public housing estates  sampled  lacked  basic  socio-economic  infrastructure, majority of the respondents felt satisfied with life in their current residences. The  study found significant differences  in  socio-economic characteristics of residents and  levels of housing adequacy and satisfaction across the four strategies. Whereas the Core housing strategy  provided housing for low-income earners and  was rated as having provided the most adequate and satisfactory housing, the Turnkey and Public-Private Partnership (PPP)  strategies provided  the least adequate  and  satisfactory  housing respectively  for middle-income earners.  The  Shell strategy which provided housing for high-income class had the  highest proportion of those who felt  satisfied with  life.  Satisfaction with management of housing estates and housing unit attributes among other attributes discriminated between the residents who were satisfied with life and those who were not.    Housing  unit attributes were rated the most adequate and satisfactory while  socio-economic infrastructure and neighbourhood facilities were rated the least adequate and least satisfactory housing attributes.   
Findings also show that housing delivery strategies, additional space requirement in the housing 
units,  organizational capacity as well as age,  income and  tenure  status  of respondents  among others were  significant predicators of  housing adequacy and residential satisfaction  in the study area.  Residential satisfaction, tenure status, housing adequacy, housing delivery strategies, length of residency, income and age of respondents were factors that influenced satisfaction with life in the  housing  estates.  Although  findings of the study  are  consistent with the findings of prior research; the categorical regression analysis (R2
 = 1.000, F=718909256; P=0.000) however shows that adequate housing  (Beta=1.000, F=528886811; P=0.000) was  the strongest predictor of, and closely related to,  residential satisfaction; and that housing adequacy and residential satisfaction have significant influence on satisfaction with life. The  findings  imply  that  the different housing delivery strategies used in public housing perform differently in terms of residents’ perceived adequacy and satisfaction; the levels of housing adequacy and satisfaction  as well as quality of life in public housing   can be enhanced through adequate  provision and maintenance of basic housing infrastructure and neighbourhood facilities;   housing  adequacy  and satisfaction  can be used as    synonymous concept in the evaluation of housings; and  the underlying assumption in public housing in Ogun State is valid. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Title Page ------------------ - i 
Dedication --------------------------   ii 
Certification ------------------------   iii 
Dedication --------------------------   iv 
Acknowledgement --------------------v 
Abstract ---------------------- vi  

Chapter 1     INTRODUCTION 
1.0     Background of Study----------------1 
 1.1    Statement of the Problem --------------------3 
 1.2    Aim of Study-----------------6 
 1.3    Objectives of Study-------------------6 
  1.4   Justification-------------------6 
  1.5    Scope of Study--------------8  
  1.6    Summary---------------------8 
Chapter 2     THE CONTEXT OF STUDY---------------10 
 200 Introduction------------------10 
210 Basic Information on the study area----------10 
211 Location and Size of Ogun State--------------10 
  212 Administrative Setting----------------12 
 213 Demographics and Socio-economic Characteristics of Ogun State----------12 
220 Public Housing in Ogun State ----------------14 
    221 Public Housing in Ogun State: Historical Perspective ---------14 
    222 The 2003 Ogun State Housing Policy----------16 
    223 The Public Housing Programme in Ogun State and its Objectives----18 
     224 Housing Delivery Strategies in the Public Housing Programme------18 
(i) Government Aided Core Housing Strategy --------19 
(ii) Turnkey Housing Delivery Strategy----------------21 
(iii)Public-Private Partnership Housing Delivery Strategy----24 
(iv)  Shell Stage Housing Delivery Strategy-----------26 
 230 Public Housing Agencies in Ogun State------------28
       231 Ogun State Housing Corporation--------------29 
232 Ogun State Property and Investment Corporation------------30
233 Gateway City Development Company Limited------32 
 234 Ogun State Ministry of Housing -------------33 
  24 Summary-----------------------35 

Chapter 3    REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE---------------36 
  30 Introduction-------------------36 
  310 Evaluation Research ----------------39 
       311 Programme Theory in Evaluation of Social Programmes ------------40 
 320 Studies in Public Housing------------------43 
330 Evaluation of Public Housing ------------ 46       
 331 Dimensions of Evaluation of Public Housing-------47 
   332 Levels of Evaluation of public Housing -----------48 
340 Approaches to Evaluation of Public Housing ---------- ---- --------50 
341  Post Occupancy Evaluations-----------------51 
34 2  Satisfaction Studies      -----   -------55 
343  Evaluation of Quality-----------------60 
344  Evaluation of Housing Adequacy------------66 
(i)Decent Housing--------------------69 
(ii) Safe Housing-------------70 
(iii)Healthy Housing------------------71
 (iv)Accessible Housing-----------------74 
  (v) Affordable Housing----------------74 
 350 Methods of Evaluating Public Housing Schemes   ---------76       
 360 Factors Influencing the Evaluation of Public Housing -------------78 
  37 0 Housing and Quality of Life----------------80  
380 Summary-----------------------83 

Chapter 4   CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK   ------------------85  
 400 Introduction----------------85
410 Programme Theory and Conceptual Approaches to Evaluation-----------86 
42 The Conceptual Framework of the Study------------88 
 43 Summary----------------------89 
Chapter 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-------------91 
  50 Introduction--------------------91 
  510 Research Strategy--------------------91 
 520    Sample Frame of Housing Units and Public Housing Organisations----92 
  530 Sampling Techniques---------------92 
 540 Sample Size of Housing Units and Staff Members of Organisations------92 
 550 Design of Data Collection Instruments--------------94 
  560 Data Collection and Data Treatment----------------95 
561 Objective 1---------------------95 
 562 Objective 2--------------------97 
563 Objective 3---------------------98 
564 Objective 4-------------------98 
  565 Objective 5-------------------100 
  57 Data Processing ----------------------102 
 58   Reliability and Validity Tests---------------103 
 59 Summary-----------------------104 

Chapter 6    THE ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY OF PUBLIC HOUSING  
AGENCIES----------------------106 

  600 Introduction-----------------106 
  610 Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents (Staff)------106 
  620 Organizational Characteristics of the Public Housing Agencies ----------110 
  630 Organizational Capacity of the Public Housing Agencies---------118 
      631 Individual Adequacy Scores on Overall Organizational Capacity---119 
      632 Contributing Factors to Overall Organisational Capacity----119 
      633 Overall Adequacy of Management Component --------------121 
     634 Overall Adequacy of Resource Component -----------122 
640 Adequacy of Organisational Capacity of the Different Organizations------- -----123 
641 Contributing Attributes to Adequacy of organizational Capacity of the
 different Organizations----------- --------------124 
 642 Contributing Attributes to Adequacy of Management Capacity across the    
  Organisations------- --------125 
  643 Comparison of Organizational Capacity across the Agencies-----127 
 65 Summary-----------------------129 

 Chapter 7      CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSING PROVIDED BY THE PUBLIC    
HOUSING   AGENCIES------------------131 

  700 Introduction---------------- 131      
 710 Overall Housing Attributes -------------- ------ -----131 
 711 Additional Requirements in the Housing Units-------133 
      720 Housing Characteristics across the different Delivery Strategies ---134  
721 Housing Unit Attributes------------------134 
722 Housing Services and Infrastructure--------------140 
723 Housing Estate Characteristics and Neighbourhood Facilities--143 
730 Comparative Analysis of Housing Characteristics in the four Delivery  
Strategies--------------------146 
  740 Summary--------------------147 

Chapter 8      SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTS OF   
       PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATES ------------------149 

 800 Introduction -----------------149 
810 Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents in all the Housing Units--149 
 811 Socio-economic Characteristics of Residents across different Housing      
Delivery Strategies-------------153 
 82 Summary-----------------------160 

Chapter 9    ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF PUBLIC HOUSING-------161  
90 Introduction------------------161 
910 Overall Housing Adequacy----------------161 
 912 Contributing Attributes to Overall Housing Adequacy----162 
913 Adequacy of Housing sub-Components--------------163 
 (i) Adequacy of Housing Unit Attributes--------------163 
 (ii) Adequacy of Housing Services and Infrastructure--------165 
(iii) Adequacy of Neighbourhood Facilities-----------166 
(iv) Adequacy of Management of Facilities in the Housing Estates--166 
920 Housing Adequacy across the different Delivery Strategies--------168
 921 Contributing Attributes to Housing Adequacy across the different Strategies-      
 ------------------------169 
930 Adequacy Index Housing sub-Components--------- 173 
   940 Variation in Housing Adequacy-------------- 176 
    941 Factors Influencing Overall Housing Adequacy-------177 
  950 Dimensions of Evaluation of Overall Housing Adequacy-------------179  
   951 Dimensions of Evaluation of Housing Adequacy across the different Strategies      
   --------------------------180 
   (i) The Core Housing Strategy-----------180 
  (ii) The Turnkey Housing Delivery Strategy-------------182 
  (iii) PPP Housing Delivery Strategy--------------183 
  (iv)The Shell Housing Delivery Strategy---------------- 185 
  952:  Comparison of Dimensions of Housing Adequacy Evaluation across the     
 Different Strategies------------187 
 96 Summary-------------------189 

Chapter 10    RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC HOUSING -----------192 
  1000 Introduction---------------192 
  1010 Evaluation of Residential Satisfaction-----------192 
 1011 Overall Residential Satisfaction------------193 
1012 Contribution of Housing Attributes to Overall Residential Satisfaction--- 
---------------194 
 1013 Satisfaction with Housing Sub-Components------195 
  (i) Satisfaction with Housing Unit Attributes --------------196 
  (ii)  Satisfaction with Housing Services------------197 
 (iii) Satisfaction with location of Neighbourhood Facilities-------197
(iv) Satisfaction with Socio-economic Environment of housing Estates 
       -------------------198 
       (v) Satisfaction with Management of Housing Estates--------199 
 1020 Residential Satisfaction across the different Housing Delivery Strategies--201 
    1021: Contribution of Housing Attributes to Residential Satisfaction across the  
65 Pages 11,459 Words 1,486 Views Microsoft Word Format No. of Chapters: 1 to 5 Chapters
Reference/Bibliography: YES 5,500.00 NGN5,000.00 NGN PROJECT

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