DETERMINANTS OF LENDING TO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES BY COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

By

DAVID HARITONE SHIKUMO

Presented To

Department of Accountancy

ABSTRACT 

The availability of external finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is a topic of\r\nsignificant research interest to academics and an important issue to policy makers around\r\nthe globe. Majority of entrepreneurs in the SME sector are still considered not credit\r\nworthy by most commercial banks because of their inability to fulfill certain banking\r\nterms and conditions. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of\r\nlending to small and medium enterprises by commercial banks in Kenya. To achieve the\r\nstudy objectives used a descriptive research was used. The study undertook a census of\r\nthe 43 commercial banks in Kenya. The study used secondary data from the annual\r\npublished report of commercial banks in Kenya for a period of 5 years from 2010-2014.\r\nThe data collected was analyzed through the multiple linear regression using the\r\nStatistical Package for Social Studies version 20. The study findings established that bank\r\nsize; credit risk and banks liquidity significantly influences lending to SMEs by\r\ncommercial banks in Kenya. In addition the study established that the volume of deposits\r\nand interests rates have no significant influence on lending to SMEs. Further, the study\r\nestablished that liquidity and the volume of deposits have a negative relationship with\r\nlending to SMEs while bank size, credit risk and interest rates have a positive relationship\r\nwith lending to SMEs. The study concluded that bank size, credit risk, liquidity, deposits\r\nand interest rates are major determinants of lending to small and medium enterprises by\r\ncommercial banks in Kenya and recommended that effective policies should be\r\ndeveloped to ensure commercial banks advance more credit to small and medium\r\nenterprises.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - .iii
DEDICATION- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. iv
LIST OF TABLES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. ix
ABSTRACT- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  x
CHAPTER ONE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  1
INTRODUCTION- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 1
1.1 Background of the Study- - - - - - - - - - - - -  1
1.1.1 Lending to SMEs- - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 2
1.1.2 Factors Influencing Lending to SMEs- - - - - - - - - . 5
1.1.3 Commercial Banks in Kenya - - - - - - - - - - - . 7
1.2 Research Problem- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 8
1.3 Research Objective- - - - - - - - - - - - - -  11
1.4 Value of the Study- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 11
CHAPTER TWO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  13
LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  13
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 13
2.2 Theoretical Review - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  13
2.2.1 Credit Rationing Theory- - - - - - - - - - - - -  13
2.2.2 Financial Intermediation Theory - - - - - - - - - -  15
2.2.3 Information Asymmetry Theory- - - - - - - - - - . 16
2.2.4 Adverse Selection Theory - - - - - - - - - - - -  17
2.3 Empirical Review- - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 18
2.4 Summary of Literature Review- - - - - - - - - - - .. 24
CHAPTER THREE- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  26
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 26
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 26
3.2 Research Design- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 26
3.3 Population of the Study- - - - - - - - - - - - -  26
3.4 Data Collection- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  27
3.5 Data Analysis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 27
3.5.1 Analytical Model - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  27
3.5.2 Test of Significance - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  28
CHAPTER FOUR- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 29
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- - - - - - - .. 29
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 29
4.2 Analysis of Data and Presentation of Findings- - - - - - - - -  29
4.2.1 Response Rate- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 29
4.2.2 Descriptive Statistics - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 29
4.2.3 Correlation Studies- - - - - - - - - - - - -  31
4.2.4 Regression Analysis - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 32
4.3 Interpretation of the Findings- - - - - - - - - - - - .. 35
CHAPTER FIVE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  37
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS - - - - - -  37
5.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 37
5.2 Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 37
5.3 Conclusions- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 38
5.4 Recommendations for Policy - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 39
5.5 Limitations of the Study- - - - - - - - - - - - - -  39
5.6 Suggestions for Further Research - - - - - - - - - - - .. 40
REFERENCES- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  41
APPENDICES- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 49
Appendix I: List of Commercial Banks in Kenya- - - - - - - - . 49
Appendix II: Panel Data of the Sampled Commercial Banks- - - - - - . 50
Appendix III: Data Collection Worksheet - - - - - - - - - - .. 55

LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Summary Statistics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 30
Table 4.2 Correlation Matrix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  31
Table 4.3 Model Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 32
Table 4.4 ANOVA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  33
Table 4.5 Regression Coefficients - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  34

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CBK - Central Bank of Kenya
FSD - Financial Sector Deepening
Mfls - Micro Finance Institutions
SACCOs - Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies
SMEs - Small and Medium Enterprises
SMMEs - Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises
SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Studies
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