THE ROLE OF AUDITORS AND THE METHOD OF INTERNAL CONTROL IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

(A CASE STUDY OF UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN ENUGU STATE)

By

OGBODO SAMUEL CHIDIEBERE

Presented To

Department of Accountancy

ABSTRACT

The subject of this research investigation is "The Role of Internal Auditor and the method of Internal Control in Local Government in Enugu state specifically. The objective of the study is to know whether the function of the internal audit department are performed in compliance with the established standards and policies and how much it have succeeded in achieving the objectives of the local government. The methods of data collection were interviews, direct observation and study of secondary materials. In analyzing the data collected, percentage and some formulated hypothesis were used. The major findings of this study are: That Udi Local Government Area has an Internal audit department, that internal auditing helps to know how well the policies of the management are executed, that the duties of the internal control be performed by either the accounts division or the external auditor who must be statutorily appointed, that all the internal auditors of the local government report to the auditor general, through the executive chairman of the local government area. The researcher hereby recommends that internal auditing should be employed in local governments, because it will help immensely in management control.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page - - - - - - - - i

Dedication - - - - - - - … - ii

Acknowledgement - - - - - … - - iii

Abstract - - - - - - - …… - iv

Table of contents - - - - - - - ……v

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

11 Background of the study - - - …… - - 1

12 Statement of problem - - - - - - …2

13 Objective of the study - - - - … - - ……2

14 Research questions - - - - - - ……3

15 Research hypothesis - - - - - …………3

16 Significance of the study - - - - - ……4

17 Scope of the study - - - - - - ……5

18 Limitation of the study - - - - - ………5

19 Definition of terms - - - - - …… - ……6

CHAPTER TWO

21 Introduction - - - - - - …… - ……8

22 Theoretical framework - - - - - ……11

23 Current Literature review - - - - - …12

24 Summary of Literature review - - - ……………34

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

31 Research design - - - …… - - - 39

32 Area of the study - - - - - - ……39

33 Population of the study - - - - …… - 39

34 Sampling method - - - - - …………39

35 Research Instruments - - - - - ………40

36 Validity and Reliability of research Instruments - - ……40

37 Sources of data - - - - - - ……41

38 Method of investigation - - - - …………42

CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS OF DATA PRESENTATION

41 Data presentation and Interpretation - - - … - ……43

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

51 Summary of findings - - - - - - 50

52 Conclusion - - - - - … - - ……50

53 Recommendation - - - - … - ………52

References - - - …… - - - ……55

Appendix A - - - …… - …… - ……56

Appendix B - - - - - - - ………57

Questionnaire - - - - - - - ……58

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

11 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

The new civil services move with designed to make the service more functional professional, productive and responsive to the socio-economic needs of the nation The federal government has also recently revamped and restructured the local government system to enable it perform its role of promoting, co-ordinating and implementing community services enhancing citizens participation and maximizing the use of local resources Enormous amount of money of flowing to the local government form the federation account ( ), the of the state internally generated revenue and the revenue of the local government

The federal government of Nigeria came up with a financial instruction in 1979, instructing all local government to set up internal audit unit in each local government But the behaviour and attitude of operation of local government system resulted in many local government not setting up internal audit unit or if set up They were not functional The federal government in 1988 set in motion a real ware of change A real frame work of internal auditing in the local government was spelt out in order to make it less difficult for management of the local government as the greatest contributing factor to the poor performances of local government

12 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

The local government has three broad sources of revenue, they include: direct from the federation's account, of internally generated revenue of the state government and revenue generated internally by the local government her self The internal sources available to the local government area include: rents from market stores, royalties paid by some residents company in a local government contractors registration, sales of car/bus emblems, etc

Since the local government has a whole lot of possible sources of revenue, the problems therefore include,

a) How can efficient management controls be achieved?

b) What is the role of internal auditing in ensuring this control?

c) How can the internal auditing be made a useful tool management control?

13 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

a) The researcher intends to find out, the role of auditors and the method of internal control in local government

b) Whether the function of the internal audit department are performed in compliance with the established standards and policies and how much it has succeeded in achieving the objective of the local government

c) In the end, the researcher shall establish some acceptable benefit that may be derived from effective audit control system

14 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

a) Do Udi Local government Area have an internal audit department?

b) If internal auditing helps to know how the polices of management were executed?

c) Can the duties of the internal auditor be performed by either the accounts division or the external auditor who must be statutory?

d) Do all the internal auditors of the local government area report to the auditor general, through the executive chairman of their local government area?

15 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:

In the research work, the following hypothesis were formulated, tested and analysed in solving the research problem

Ho: The internal audit department helps the accounting system of the local government

Hi: The internal audit department does not help the accounting system of the local government

Ho: The internal audit department does not help to prevent fraud and improve revenue position

Hi: The internal audit department helps to prevent fraud and improve revenue position

Ho: Reporting to the auditor general, through the executive chairman of the local government makes the internal auditor perform his fiduciary duties diligently

Hi: Reporting to the auditor general, through the executive chairman of the local government makes the internal auditor not to perform his fiduciary duties diligently

16 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

This research is on attempt to survey the constructive parts, which internal auditing can play in the local government system in Nigeria with particular reference to Udi Local government Area of Enugu State

A lot of problems are facing the local government area as not having an effective audit central system one of these problems is the management seems to gloss over the operation of the local government, which are carried out in disorganized manner The researcher was motivated to choose this topic because of his belief that if management of Udi local government, an efficient management which is pre-requisite for high productivity will be assured

This is so because an efficient control system will enable the management to monitor the performances of the executives and take necessary and adequate corrective actions to ensure high performances of the executive and take necessary and adequate corrective actions, to ensure high performances at all levels

17 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The scope of the study is limited to Udi local government area of Enugu state This is because of the limited time available for the researcher for the submission of the report and the financial involvement of the scope is further widened Furthermore, from the related literature review, it was observed that there were enough bases for generalizing the result of the study

18 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study has been limited by a number of factors notable among the limitations was our people's poor reaction to research questions and reading meaning into any attempt at any form of interview

One of the vital documents needed for this investigation could not be supplied because it was audited account for 2007 and 2008 financial year The last audited account was in 1988

It took researcher much effort to convince some respondent, that he is not in anyway trying to find out the well or otherwise they are carrying out their work

Capital Restrains : This research cost the researcher capital transport fares, buying of materials and browsing the internet to obtain more points

Ignorance: Most of the respondents were ignorant of giving out information demanded by the researcher, they were ignorant of the research purpose and though it will be used for negative reasons

Evasion of privacy: Some of the questions that was asked in this study appeared to be evading the privacy of the respondents, for this reason, the researcher did not get all the cooperation he requires in order to conduct a good research

-19 DEFINITION OF TERMS

LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A local government is a form of public administration which in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier of administrator within a given state (Wikipedia)

EMBEZZLEMENT: This is an act of dishonesty withholding assets for the purpose of conversion (theft) of such assets, by one or more person to whom the assets were entrusted, either to be held or to be used for specific purposes

APPRAISAL: A valuation of property (ie, real estate, a business, an antique) by the estimate of an authorized person In order to be a valid appraisal the authorized person will have a designation form a regulatory body governing the jurisdiction the appraiser operates within