PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF WORKERS

(A CASE STUDY OF TWO ABUJA ABATTOIRS, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA)

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Author

Presented To

Department of Medicine

ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium bovis is present in animals in most developing countries where surveillance and control activities are often inadequate or unavailable and pasteurization is rarely practiced. In Nigeria, the disease is sporadic. The current status on the actual prevalence rate of bovine tuberculosis at a national level is unknown but from the limited survey research which has been reported over 30 years, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis due to M. bovis ranges from 2.5% in 1976 to 14% in 2007. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle and assess the knowledge attitude and preventive practices of butchers and meat handlers. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two abattoirs in Abuja, Nigeria from March 2013 - April 2013. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on social demographics, medical information, work related exposure factors and preventive practices. The butchers and meat handler were selected by simple random sampling. Cattle slaughtered at the abattoirs were also screened for bovine tuberculosis using lateral flow technique and Ziehl Neelsen test. Bivariate and multivariate data analyses were done using Epi-info software. Out of a total of 185 serum and 5 tissue samples screened at both abattoirs, 32 (17.3%) and all 5 were positive for the rapid test lateral flow technique and Acid Fast stain respectively. The only risk factor associated with bovine tuberculosis infection in these cattle was the sex (female) (p = 0.01). Of the 156 butchers and meat handlers on whom the questionnaire was administered, 115 (73.8%) were men and 41 (27.2%) were women. The following were significant by the level of knowledge; the length of time worked at the abattoir (Odds Ratio OR) = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6-7.4, knowledge of mode of transmission (OR =2.4, 95% CI = 1.1-5.1), Potential risk associated with your job (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1-5.0), eating or drinking at place of work (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.2-1.4), Additionally, the following factor were significantly associated with poor knowledge of BTB ; drinking fresh milk ( OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2- 0.8), and not boiling their milk before drinking ( OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2- 0.9), Seen a bovine tuberculosis lesion in your slaughtered (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.2-0.5), What‘s done to lesion (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.0-4.8) and Do you consume meat with these lesions (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1-4.7). Multvariate analysis showed that length of work (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.45, 95% CI= 1.3-9.0), and wether seen a bovine tuberculosis lesion on your slaughtered cattle (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI= 0.1-0.7) were significant by the level of knowledge. The prevalence of bovine tuberculosis is under reported based on abattoir surveillance of tuberculous tissue only. Butchers and meat handlers have a an increase risk of exposure due to consumption of meat with lesion of tuberculosis and what is done when they come across lesion of bovine tuberculosis due to the inadequate knowledge of the disease and its mode of transmission. Butchers and meat handlers should be encouraged to seek for medical attention early when a cough persists. Keywords: Bovine Tuberculosis, TB prevalence, Butchers, Abattoirs, Nigeria.