SEX DETERMINATION FROM NORMAL POSTERO - ANTERIOR CHEST RADIOGRAPHS OF ADULTS

(A CASE STUDY OF GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA)

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Author

Presented To

Department of Medicine

ABSTRACT
This study was set to radiologically evaluate the normal posterior- Anterior chest radiographs of Gombe adults, which was undertaken using 500 chest radiographs that were reported normal by radiologist, males (n = 250 and mean age 43.38 ± 16.55) and females (n = 250 and mean age 39.28 ± 14.68). In males the mean length of left clavicles was 163.70 ± 10.52 mm and the right was 157.65 ± 10.06 mm, while in females the mean length of the left clavicles was 150.47 ± 8.58 mm and the right clavicle was found to be 144.72 ± 8.36 mm, also the males mean mid – thickness of the left clavicles was 13.38 ± 1.42 mm and right clavicle was 14.06 ± 1.38 mm, while in females the mean mid- thickness of the left clavicle was 11.19 ± 1.09 mm and the right clavicle was 11.81 ± 0.89 mm, in which the sex difference in the mean length and mid- thickness of the clavicles on both left and right sides was found to be highly significance (P<0.001) with the males having longer and thicker clavicles than females, the clavicles in both males and females show side difference with the right clavicles being significantly the shorter and thicker than left clavicles. In males mean height of left scapular 166.99 ± 14.40 was found to be significantly different from right 161.07 ± 15.27 with (P<0.001), likewise the females mean height of the left scapular was significantly different from right (P<0.001). The males mean width of the left scapular was 84.89 ± 8.90 mm and right scapular was found to be 83.32 ± 9.46 mm, the females mean width of the left scapular was 77.57 ± 7.96 mm and the width of right scapular was 74.44±10.63 mm, which indicates that the scapula in the both side were significantly greater in males than in females with P<0.001. The thoracic dimension were also found to be greater in males than in females, in which the males thoracic diameter at T3 was 213.16 ± 17.36 mm, T5 was 256.81 ± 15.76 mm, T7 ix was 276.93 ± 16.64 mm and T9 was 288.94 ± 19.50 mm, while the thoracic diameter in females at T3 was 200.90 ± 15.76 mm, T5 was 238.88 ± 14.36 mm, T7 was 257.06 ± 15.28 mm and T9 was 268.65 ± 18.96 mm, where the differences were highly significant with P< 0.001, the height of left and right hemidiaphragm dome shows significance difference between males and females, with the height of left and right hemidiaphragm dome in males as 241.23 ± 20.04 mm and 222.34 ± 20.57 mm and in females as 224.14 ± 12.78 mm respectively. The left and right hemidiaphragm dome shows side difference in males and females (p<0.001). The long and short axis of cardiac ellipsoid were measured in males as 145.61 ± 7.19 mm and 116.84 ± 8.76 mm, while in females as 138.44 ± 8.31 mm and 111.02 ± 6.73 mm respectively, this indicated that the long and short axis of cardiac ellipsoid are significantly greater in males than in females (p<0.001). The shape of C7/T1 and T1/T2 intervertebral discs also show greater sex difference (P<0.001) in which the males intervertebral disc were mostly curved (inverted V) at both levels, whereas the females intervertebral disc is parallel in shaped at both levels.