MODELING AND SIMULATION OF COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP FOR THE ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF HARMONICS INJECTION INTO POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

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Department of Engineering

ABSTRACT
Modern electrical devices such as Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), many of which are non-linear loads inject harmonics into the Power Distribution Network (PDN). For the devices to operate efficiently as well as reduce electricity consumption and environmental impacts without introducing undesirable side effects, such as harmonics into the distribution network, the devices performance need to be analyzed. CFL has highest penetration level of about 80% compared to other lighting devices. The current and voltage Total Harmonics Distortion (THDi and THDv) being emitted by CFL are within the range of 90% – 200% of the fundamental current and 20% - 40% of the fundamental voltage respectively. These harmonics cause power quality problems such as overheating of Distribution Transformer (DT) and low tension conductors, mal-operation of energy meter, deterioration of protective equipment. The combined effects of these small sources are as detrimental as one large source. Mitigation of these harmonics is even harder once injected into the network due to their distributed nature. Consequently, this research work modeled and simulated compact fluorescent lamp for the analysis of harmonics injections into power distribution network. A suitable method was also developed for mitigating the harmonics emissions before they are injected into the distribution network with the view to mitigating their effects. Linear Technology Spice (LTspice) software package was used to generate voltage and current waveforms. The acquired waveforms were used to simplify the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) harmonics analysis generic algorithm, which was found to be simpler than the generic. Analysis of the CFL harmonics was carried out using the simplified algorithm; LTspice software as well as powergui analyzer software on MATLAB R2012a. The results obtained for THDi and THDv were in relation to the CFL fundamental current and voltage: 135.50% and 35.43%; 130.13% and 33.64%; as well as 130.08% and 36.55% with simplified FFT harmonics analysis algorithm, LTspice software, and Powergui harmonics analyzer respectively. The results were vii observed to be in agreement with laboratory test bed results which were averagely 128.90% and 31.60% of the fundamental current and voltage for THDi and THDv respectively. These results were found to be violating the IEEE standard limits for harmonics. Analog passive series and shunt filter networks were also developed. CFL Simulink models with the series and shunt passive harmonics filters networks were developed. The FFT harmonics analyses results of the developed Simulink models were: 9.54% and 5.00% of the fundamental current and voltage for the THDi and THDv with the series filters; 3.65% and 0.05% of the fundamental current and voltage respectively were obtained with the shunt filters. It was observed that the levels of reductions of THDs of the CFL were in compliance with the IEEE 519-2014 standard harmonics limits.