The study examined the academic achievement of students in social studies in public and private junior secondary schools in Kano state. The study was carried out with objectives to; compare the academic achievement of students in social studies in public and private junior secondary schools in Kano state; compare the academic achievement of male and female students in social studies in public junior secondary schools in Kano state and compare the academic achievement of male and female students in social studies in private junior secondary schools in Kano state. The relevant literature was reviewed in chapter two of the research. The study adopted expo facto research design and the total of seven hundred and ninety eight (798) students, which comprises five hundred and one from public JSS and two hundred and ninety seven from private JSS were sampled for the study from the total population of 79897. Data which was the BECE results was collected from the sampled schools through the assistance of principals and examination officers. The data collected for the study were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, frequency count and simple percentages were used to answer research questions while research hypotheses were tested using chi-square at 0.05 level of significance, after testing hypotheses two were rejected and retained one. Findings among other showed that there was a significant difference in the academic achievement of students in social studies in public and private junior secondary schools in Kano state. Findings also revealed that there was significant difference in the academic achievement of male and female students in social studies in public junior secondary schools in Kano state. Based on the findings, recommendations were made that, The public schools must be adequately staffed, enough furniture provided and schools regularly inspected; Guidance and counseling should be established in male public junior secondary schools, so that the academic problems of male students could be found and solve, also equal treatment should be provide in order to boost their academic achievement; There is need for all stakeholders including the Federal, State and Local Governments and the Private sectors to intensify efforts on how to maintain good academic standard in schools through comparison of results, in order to boost their academic achievement.