COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE FROM VARIOUS AGGREGATE

By

Author

Presented To

Department of Civil Engineering

ABSTRACT

Highly automated brick plants exist in Nigeria. Soil-cement blocks are also produced to keep unit cost of blocks down and affordable; but some characteristics of the soil-cement blocks needed to be improved by use of highly sandy concrete aggregates in the production. This paper demonstration the influence of concrete aggregates on compressive and tensile strength, the initial rate of water absorption (IRA) water absorption, surface porosity and pore size, stress-strain relationships and elastic properties of soil-cement blocks. Also the strength of the cement stabilized blocks of literate soil was determined in the soil laboratory with a view to have an alternative in the building industry, after which an analysis of the existing laterite soil was done. Results indicate that IRA is inversely proportional to concrete aggregates while rate of moisture absorption is directly proportional to concrete aggregates. Soil-cement block modules varied between 2000 and 6000 MPa. 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

This work was to present in one weight, the fundamental and practical information in the filed of the comparative analysis of the strength of concrete made from various aggregate which may be useful to people involve in civil and structural engineering and particularly, those that found pleasure in the design and related structure.

Due to the strength/high cost of various aggregate in the market the comparative analysis of strength of concrete indifferent aggregate have revealed that one can definitely substituted in various aggregate by using the mixture design of ration in different aggregate in building to reduce the mixture ration of aggregate or used any of the aggregates.

Where their is no granite stone washed gravel most black gravel is there no black gravel must in such area there will be surface gravel in the project is going to be sited.

A great effort have been made through out this work although it is limited in scope to asses their suitability as stand and concrete aggregate.

High cost of building materials has been the bane of construction industry in the developing countries of the world as a result of importation of most of the building materials. As prices increase sharply, there is a growing awareness to relate research to local materials as alternatives for the construction of functional but low-cost dwellings both in the urban and rural areas of Nigeria. One of such local material that is being researched is lateritic soil. Lateritic soil has been one of the major building materials in Nigeria for a long time. The main reason lies on the fact that it is readily available and the cost of procuring it is relatively low.

Concrete aggregates in soil possesses other advantages which makes it potentially a very good and appropriate material for construction, especially for the construction of rural structures in the developing countries. These merits include little or no specialized skilled labour required for laterized sandcrete blocks production and for its use in other construction works; and laterized concrete structures have potentially sufficient strength compared with that of normal concrete (Lasisi and Ogunjimi,1984).

In July 1976, the Nigerian Mining Corporation was directed to proceed with establishment of seven clay brick plants in Nigeria with annual production capacity of fifteen million normal size bricks (figure 1). Clay deposits for use by these plants were identified (Proda 1970, 1971, 1975a, 1975b and 1975c) as shown in table 1. Rather than studying, and developing the traditional technology, Nigeria automatically copied a highly automated brick making which is capital intensive and therefore, kept the unit cost of bricks too high for the average Nigerian to afford. The Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NIBRRI) thereafter introduced the soil - cement blocks using manual press for its production. This kept unit cost of the soil cement block down and affordable, but some characteristics of the soil-cement blocks needed to be improved by use of highly sandy concrete aggregates; which are already being used as fills in Nigeria (Otoko 2014) 

     1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

This case study the comparative analysis of the strength of concrete made from various aggregates.

The project implement the following analysis.

1. To determine the analysis in the existing aggregates and evaluate it’s suitability for use as a good building of aggregates by means of various laboratory tests.

2. To determine the strength of concrete cube in difference aggregates in soil laboratory with a view to have on alternative in the building construction.

3. To effect the reduction of rising in the building construction by using deference aggregates.

This paper demonstrates the influence of concrete aggregates on compressive and tensile strength, the initial rate of water absorption (IRA) water absorption, surface porosity and pore size, stress-strain relationships and elastic properties of soil-cement blocks. Also the strength of the cement stabilized blocks of literate soil was determined in the soil laboratory with a view to have an alternative in the building industry, after which an analysis of the existing laterite soil was done.

1.3 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

It has been stated that maximum size and grading of aggregates are very important find aggregate result in uneconomical mixes where as very coarse –grained soils result in harsh unworkable mixes.

The mean size or grading of many aggregate can be obtained by passing the materials in a set of sieves consisting usually of certain standard sizes. The sieves number is been expressed as the member per inches.

The sieve analysis should also conformed to the B. S. 410of 1969 for sieves for purpose of testing the procedure involve in making sieve analysis should also conform to the B. S. standard method that is involved in carrying out the sieve analysis of time and coarse aggregate.

The aggregate were carefully washed to eliminate dust particles and some other of organics mater present in it so the aggregate should be dust and dust free of any kind. After the wash of aggregate were kept to dry in a place for 24 hours with kept help of electric oven.

The particle were weight and e recorded the % retained passing sieve at each times the graph below shows the result got from each case.

PROJECT BUILDING MATERIALS

Table 1: Principal clay deposits in Nigeria.

S/No

State

Location of principal deposits

1.

Benue and Plateau State

Jos, Ropp and Markurdi areas

2.

Imo, Ebonyi, Enugu and Anambra States

Enugu, Ezi Akwu, Ekwe and Agbahara

3.

Kano State

Kano and Rimi areas

4.

Lagos State

Epe, Ikorodu and Badagry areas

5.

Edo and Delta States

Benin city, Sapele and Ugheli areas

6.

Borno State

Maiduguri and Gombe areas

7

Sokoto State

Sokoto and Kuban village

8.

Rivers State

Port Harcourt and Andoni areas

9.

Akwa Ibom and Cross River State

Ekpene Obom area

10.

Ogun State

Abeokuta and Ijebu-Ode areas

Lateritic weathering products derived from rock types of various parts of Nigeria may not be the same. The concrete aggregates of the geological zone 1 (Dry flat country) of the Niger Delta, Nigeria is used for this study (see fig. 2) 

About E-Project Material Centre


E-Project Material Centre is a web service aimed at successfully assisting final year students with quality, well researched, reliable and ready made project work. Our materials are recent, complete (chapter 1 to Minimum of Chapter 5, with references) and well written.INSTANT ACCESS! INSTANT DOWNLOAD. Simply select your department, choose from our list of topics available and explore your data

Why Students Love to Use E-Project Material ?


Guaranteed Delivery Getting your project delivered on time is essential. You cannot afford to turn in your project past the deadline. That is why you must get your project online from a company that guarantees to meet your deadline. e-Project Topics Material Centre is happy to offer instant delivery of projects listed on our website. We can handle just about any deadline you send our way. Satisfaction Guaranteed We always do whatever is necessary to ensure every customer's satisfaction

Disclaimer


E-Project Topics Material Centre will only provide projects as a reference for your research. The projects ordered and produced should be used as a guide or framework for your own project. The contents of the projects should be able to help you in generating new ideas and thoughts for your own project. It is the aim of e-Project Topics Centre to only provide guidance by which the projects should be pursued. We are neither encouraging any form of plagiarism nor are we advocating the use of the projects produced herein for cheating.

Terms and Condition


Using our service is LEGAL and IS NOT prohibited by any university/college policies You are allowed to use the original model papers you will receive in the following ways:
  • As a source for additional understanding of the subject
  • As a source for ideas for you own research (if properly referenced)
  • For PROPER paraphrasing ( see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase) Direct citing ( if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the authors copyright
X

Need Help Finding or Downloading Your Project Material?

If you don't see the topic you're looking for or You need urgent/express attention, click the WhatsApp Icon/link below to contact ADMIN and get the material you need instantly. We are always available online to attend to your needs. Thanks