ABSTRACT
Occupation is a process whereby a human being uses the natural resources and endowments that God makes available for him to utilize for his survival. This research focuses on the influence of the strangers on selected Hausa traditional occupations and crafts in Kano from 1900-2015. As a framework for analysis, the research adopted two theories which make it eclectic in nature namely: Social Exchange Theory and Bauman‟s Theory of Strangerhood. Since the research aims at establishing the influence of strangers on traditional occupations, it would certainly have no option but to use the primary source of data: questionnaire and interviews from the affected populace with a view to ascertaining the fact. The questionnaires were distributed in ten selected markets in Kano city. A total number of one hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires had been distributed, but only one hundred and fifty (150) had been retrieved from the respondents. The respondents included ninety-four (94) males and fifty-six (56) females respectively. The research succeeds in identifying the challenges faced by Kanawa in their business transactions and social interactions. More so, it also reveals some of the modern commercial businesses introduced to Kano City by „strangers‟ notably: modern transport business, merchandise in automotive components and vulcanization to mention but a few. To affirm this, the Hausa proverb says: „Baqo mai ci da xan gari.‟ So this proverb explores the positive impact of strangers. This is because the presence of strangers has enriched commerce and industries owned by Kanawa. A popular Hausa poet Malam Aliyu Namangi has buttressed the above claim in one of his poem, Waqar Basukur, thus: „Zuwan da sukai qasarmu ba tai tsiya ba.‟ (Their arrival [colonialists] did not cause any damage to our country). However, in contrary to what the poet established, the research has revealed that some social vices were introduced to Kano by the strangers which are not acceptable in a traditional Hausa culture. Consequently, strangers have caused great loss to the traditional system of production, distribution and consumption. The result of the research revealed that, strangers have played an important role in the introduction of modern facilities such as: chemicals and machines that could assist in tannery, blacksmith, butchery and other farm produce. The advent of these strangers has also helped in the establishment of ultra-modern shopping malls in Kano City, such as Shoprite; Wellcare and Mr. Price to mention but a few, which enhanced commercial activities. In addition to that, new businesses have emerged in Kano like: fish farming; production and sell of packaged water and recharged cards. Finally, the research revealed that Arabs were recorded to have the highest influence on social life of the Kanawa with 36% (thirty-six per cent) while Igbo recorded the least impact with 2.1% (two point one percent). Tsakure Sana‟a na nufin hanyar da xan‟adam kan bi ya sarrafa albarkatun qasa da sauran ni‟imomi da hikimomi da Allah ya yi masa domin ya sami abin masarufi. Wannan bincike ya mayar da hankali a kan wasu sana‟o‟in Hausawa da baqi suka yi tasiri a kan su a garin Kano, tun daga 1900-2015. Har ila yau, an xora binciken a kan wasu ra‟o‟i guda biyu da aka kira: ra‟in mu‟amlar musaya (social exchange theory) da ra‟in baqunci (Bauman‟s theory of strangerhood), domin samun madogara da za ta fito da nazarin a fili. Manufar wannan bincike ita ce fito da gudunmawar wasu baqi da suka shigo cikin sana‟o‟in Kanawa. A yayin gudanar da binciken, an yi amfani da takardar diddigin bincike guda xari da sittin (160), amma guda xari da hamsin (150), aka karvo daga hannuwan waxanda suka amsa tambayoyi. Ta fuskar jinsi kuwa, adadin maza casa‟in da huxu (94) ne suka amsa tambayoyin, a yayin da adadin mata hamsin da shida (56) suka ba da nasu ra‟ayin. Sai dai, an yi amfani da dabara ta ganawa da tattaunawa da masu gudanar da sana‟o‟i. Binciken ya yi nasarar zaqulo wasu qalubale da Kanawa suke fuskanta a sha‟anin hulxa ta kasuwanci da zamantakewa da baqi. Har ila yau, binciken ya yi nasara wajen gano wasu sana‟o‟in zamani da baqi suka shigo da su Kano. Wannan nasara ta samar da gurbin karin magana da Bahaushe yake cewa, „Baqo mai ci da xangari,‟ domin waxannan baqi ta wata fuska alheri suka kawo wa sana‟o‟i da masana‟antun Kanawa kamar yadda Malam Aliyu Namangi yake cewa: „Zuwan da sukai qasarmu ba tai tsiya ba.‟ Ma‟ana zuwan Turawan Mulkin Mallaka, ba rusa tattalin arzikinmu ya yi ba. Sai dai, ta wata fuska, an gano illolin baqin wajen cusa wasu munanan al‟adu da Bahaushiyar al‟ada ta yi tir da su. Har wa yau, waxannan baqi sun haifar wa „yan kasuwa asara a kan abubuwan da suke samarwa na gargajiya domin amfanin al‟umma. Binciken ya fito da sakamako kamar haka: shigowar baqi an samu sinadirai da na‟ura don kyautata aikin jima da qira da fawa da sauransu. Daxin da xawa, ga manyan shaguna na zamani: (shopping malls) Shoprite, Wellcare, Mr. Price da sabbin sana‟o‟i irin su: sayar da ruwan leda (pure water) da kiwon kifi (fish farming) da sayar da katin waya (recharged cards). Daga qarshe, ta fuskar qididdiga, bincike ya zaqulo da cewa xabi‟un Larabawa ne suka yi tasiri a kan Kanawa da kaso talatin da shida (36%) cikin xari. A yayin da Inyamirai masu kaso biyu da xigo xaya (2.1%) su ne xabi‟unsu ba su yi tasiri ba wajen Kanawa.
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