The study focuses on European Colonialism in Cameroon and its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014. The rationale for this work is based on a variety of reasons namely: the relative exclusion of Southern Cameroon from socio-economic and political scene and the dominance of the French speaking part of Cameroon in the country. The federal system which was then in existence was abolished and a unitary system was imposed in which the French speaking part of Cameroon, as mentioned above, became the dominant actor in the reunified Cameroon. This study dwelled on the impact of colonialism on the people of Cameroon during the period of European colonial domination, as well as the consequences of the reunification of the two parts of Cameroon: namely, British and French Cameroon in the post-colonial period.The main objective ofthe study was to examine the aftermath of the reunification on Southern Cameroon. Interms of methodology, primaryand secondary sources were used. Primary sources included archival and oral sources, while secondary sources included textbooks, dissertations, theses, some articles in journals and so on.In this study, a multi-disciplinary approach and the collection, interpretation, evaluation and analysis of data was adopted.The study showed that there was extreme centralization of authority in Cameroon. The study further showed that Southern Cameroon suffered relative marginalization, representation in government, infrastructural development and a host of others. This study came to the conclusion that post-colonial Cameroon was almost the extension of the colonial period. The government was determined to maintain its hegemony in power, the assimilation of Southern Cameroon and the Francophonization of its institutions. This study provided information on which people can make rational decision on the future of Southern Cameroon. A Socio-Economic and political History of Southern Cameroon, 1961-2017, was indicated as area for further research.