URBAN-INDUCED LANDUSE / LANDCOVER CHANGES
(A CASE STUDY OF ZARIA KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA)
By
Author
Presented To
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at analysing urban-induced landuse and landcover changes in Zaria between
1990 and 2014, using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing techniques.
Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1990, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)
of 1999, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) of 2006 and Landsat Enhanced
Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) of 2014 were used. Supervised classification was employed
using maximum likelihood classifier to classify the images into LULC classes. Also overlay
analysis was used to determine the changes within the period. The result from the analysis
showed that built-up areas witnessed consistent increase over time and this was basically
because of increased population and consequent conversion of other land uses into residential
areas. Also, the extent of urbanization throughout the study period witnessed the highest level
between 1999 and 2006. Finding on landuse/landcover changes that were affected most
during the study period reveals that agricultural land lost about 31.3km2 while vegetative
land lost about 36.75km2, whereas built-up increased from 40.37km2 in 1990 to 55.8 km2 in
2014 which signifies an increase of about 15.43km2 and a progressive encroachment of builtup areas into other land uses. The rate of urban-induced landuse/landcover change showed an
annual rate of change to be 5.67% for the study period. Finally, it was observed that landuse
landcover had changed significantly over the period of study (1990s-2014). This could be
explained by the rapid population growth in Zaria; an increase in the diversity of functional
activities; growing demand for lands for residential housing and other land-based activities.
The study has indicated that urbanisation and its functional activities were gradually taking
over the negligible lands. It is therefore recommended that regular landuse change studies
should be carried out more frequently by researchers and other stakeholders to detect urban
induced landuse/cover changes in the study area so as to ensure a more sustainable urban
development
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page..i
Declaration - ii
Certificationiii
Dedication - iv
Acknowledgement..v
Abstract..vi
Table of Contents..vii
List of Tables.x
List of Figures - .xi
List of Plates - ..xii
List of Appendices - ..xiii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study - 1
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem - 6
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study - 9
1.4 Scope of the Study10
1.5 Significance of the Study..10
CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction..12
viii
2.2 Conceptual Framework - .12
2.2.1 Concept of Urbanization - 12
2.2.2 Urban Centres / Growth - .16
2.2.2.1 The Factors of Urban Growth - .17
2.3 Literature Review.23
2.3.1 Application of Remote Sensing / GIS in Landuse/Landcover Changes - 23
CHAPTER THREE: STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction.30
3.2 The Study Area - .30
3.2.1 Location and Extent..30
3.2.2 Brief History - ..32
3.2.3 Population and Settlement - .32
3.2.4 Land Use ..33
3.2.5 Climate - ..34
3.2.6 Geology - .34
3.2.7 Relief - .35
3.2.8 Drainage - 37
3.2.9 Soil - 37
3.2.10 Vegetation - 38
ix
3.3 Methodology - .39
3.3.1 Reconnaissance Survey - .39
3.3.2 Types and Sources of Data..39
3.3.3 Processing of Satellite Imageries - .40
3.3.3.1 Pre-Processing Stage - .40
3.3.4 Methodology Flow ..42
3.4 Date Analysis - ..42
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction..44
4.2 The Extent and Direction of Urban Growth in the Study Area - 44
4.2,1 The Extent of Urban Growth in the Study Area - - .44
4.2.2 The Direction of Urban Growth in the Study Area - 46
4.3 Static Landuse And Landcover - .50
4.4 The Magnitude of Urban-Induced Landuse/Landcover Changes - .59
4.5 The Rate of Urban-Induced Landuse/Landcover Changes - - 60
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction..61
5.2 Summary of Findings - 61
5.3 Conclusion - .62
5.4 Recommendations63
References..64
Appendices.77
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