ABSTRACT
This study focused on “An assessment of the management of students’ Welfare
services in universities in three Geo-Political Zones in Northern part of Nigeria” The
study was specifically interested in finding out the types of welfare services available in
the system and the impact they have on the students’ behaviour. The inadequate
provision of the students, welfare facilities and their management were assumed by the
stakeholders and members of the public as factors militating against students’ peaceful
behavour in the University system. The objectives of the study therefore were to
identify the types of students’ welfare services and to assess the availability as well as
to examine the impact of each welfare service on the students’ social and academic
behaviour. The critical areas examined were social, academic, medical and
environmental services. Twenty (20) hypotheses were postulated to find out the
significant differences in the opinions of the three groups of respondents. The
researcher reviewed relevant literature to establish the theoretical base for the study.
The descriptive and survey methods were adopted for investigations, identification and
collection of data. The total population of subjects was two hundred and twenty six
thousand nine hundred and forty six (226,946), made up of 206,948 students, 19,448
service staff and 450 top management staff, in the sixteen Universities in the three GeoïÂ�Â�Political Zones in Northern part of Nigeria. Through random sampling Technique, five
Universities; Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Bayero University Kano, University of
Maiduguri, University of Jos and Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University were selected, being
one third of the sixteen Universities, in the three Geo Political Zones in Northern part of
Nigeria. Out of the total of one hundred and thirteen thousand two hundred and eight
(113208) subjects consisting of 109,774 students 3389 service staff and 45 top
management staff in the five sampled Universities, 770 respondents were used. Out of
the 770 copies of the questionnaire designed and administered by the researcher, 463
copies were returned. The questionnaire as the basic instrument was vetted by the
experts in Educational Administration and Planning and Educational Statistics Sections
and subjected to pilot study in Federal College of Education Zaria. The Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s statistical test were used to test the Null hypotheses.
Eight out of twenty hypotheses were retained, while twelve were rejected. The twelve
were subjected to Scheffe’s test to determine the extent of significant difference in the
respondents’ opinion. The major finding of the research indicated that the social,
academic, medical and environmental students’ services were available but not
adequate in the Universities. It was also discovered that some services had positive
impact on students’ behaviour and academic performance. Recommendations such as
the need for improved fund allocation to the Universities by the Government were
offered for better provision, management and improvement of students’ welfare services
for peaceful social and academic performance by students in the Universities. A model
for effective and efficient management of the students’ welfare services was also
developed by the researcher. Finally suggestions were also made for further research
into the area of students’ welfare services in the University system in Nigeria in general.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page………………………………………………………………… i
Declaration …………………………………………………… - - - ii
Certification ……………………………………………………………… iii
Dedication………………………………………………………………… iv
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………… v
Abstract ……………………………………………………… - - - vii
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………… - ix
List of Tables …………………………………………………………… xx
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………… xxvi
List of Appendices………………………………………………………… xxvii
Abbreviations, Acronyms and Initials …………………………………… xxviii
Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………… xxix
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ……………………………………… 1
11 Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 1
12 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………… - 5
13 Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………… 7
14 Research Questions……………………………………………………… 8
15 Hypotheses……………………………………………………… …… - 9
16 Basic Assumptions……………………………………………………… - 12
17 Significance of the Study………………………………………………… 13
18 Scope and delimitation of the Study…………………………………… 13
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………… - 15
21 Introduction……………………………………………………………… 15
22 The concept and theories of Management…………………………… 16
23 The concept and types of student welfare services………………… 19
231 Social Services…………………………………………………………… 25
2311 Student feeding…………………………………………………… 25
23
12 Students’ Accommodation……………………………………… 35
2313 Guidance and Counselling……………………………………… 48
2314 Sports and Recreation ………………………………………… 53
2315 Security Matters………………………………………………… 56
2316 Transportation services………………………………………… 57
2317 Religious services……………………………………………… - 59
2318 Banking and other services………………………………… - 59
232 Academic Services……………………………………………… 60
2321 Library service ………………………………………………… - 60
2322 Classroom (lecture halls) laboratories and technological
workshops………………………………………………………… 63
2323 Information and Communication Technology Services
(ICTS)…………………………………………………………… - 64
233 Medical Services …………………………………………… - - - 66
234 Environmental Services………………………………………………… 70
2341 Conducive Institutional Climate…………………………………… 71
2342 Cordial Student-Lecturer, Advisor-Advisee
Relationship…………………………………………………………… 73
2343 An atmosphere of safety, confidence, adaptability
and belongingness…………………………………………………… 75
2344 A clean, spacious, beautiful and hazard free
Environment…………………………………………………………… 75
24 The Management strategies for Students Welfare Services………… 76
241 The role of the Government and University Management…………… 76
2411 Funding…………………………………………………………… 76
242 The role of Students’ Affairs Division in Shaping students’
welfare services………………………………………………………… - 82
2421 The role of Committee System as a tool/strategy for
effective Students’ Welfare Services ……………………………… 83
2422 University Students’ Welfare
Management Board…………………………………………………… 84
2423 Sports and Recreation Committee………………………………… 84
2424 The Central Accommodation Allocation Committee……………… 85
2425 The Catering Service Committee…………………………………… 85
2426 Hall Management and Central Coordination Committee
of Hall Management…………………………………………… …… 86
2427 The Universities Market Management Committee
(UMMC)………………………………………………………………… 86
243 The role of Students’ Union Government in the management
of effective students’ welfare services………………………………… 87
25 Summary…………………………………………………………………… 89
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN, METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE
31 Introduction……………………………………………………… - - 90
32 Research Design………………………………………………………… 90
33 The Population…………………………………………………………… 90
34 Sample and Sampling Procedure……………………………………… 91
35 Instrumentation…………………………………………………………… 100
36 Validation and reliability of Instrument………………………………… 101
37 Pilot Study………………………………………………………………… 102
38 Administration of Instrument…………………………………………… 103
39 Method of Data Analysis………………………………………………… 103
310 Rate of Return of Questionnaire……………………………………… - 103
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF DATA
41 Introduction……………………………………………………………… 107
42 Types of students’ welfare services in the Universities in the
three geopolitical zones in the Northern part of Nigeria ………………… - 110
421 Responses of respondents on the availability and degree of
adequacy of Social Welfare services provided by the
Universities to students………………………………………………… - 110
422 Responses on the availability and degree of provision of
Academic Welfare Services to students in Universities ………… 117
423 Responses on the availability and degree of provision of Medical
and Health services to students in the Universities under study…… 122
424 Responses on the availability and degree of provision of
Environmental services to students in Universities in
three geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………… 127
43 Impact of services on students’ welfare in Universities in
three geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………… 130
431 Impact of social services on students’ welfare services in the Universities ……………………………………………………………… 130
4311 Impact of feeding on students’ welfare………………………………… 131
4312 The impact of Hostel Accommodation on students’ welfare
in Universities in three geopolitical zones in
Northern part of Nigeria …………………………………………………… 135
4313 The impact of Guidance and Counselling……………………………… 139
4314 The impact of Sports and Recreation on students’ welfare in
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern
part of Nigeria …………………………………………………………… - 143
4315 The impact of Security and Communication services on students’
Welfare…………………………………………………………………… 148
4316 The effects of Transportation services on students’ welfare in
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern
part of Nigeria …………………………………………………………… - 151
4317 The impact of Religious Services on students’ welfare in
Universities in three geopolitical zones in
Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………………………… - 154
4318 The impact of Banking and Telecommunication services on students’
welfare services in the three geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria 154
432 Impact of Academic services on students’ welfare services in
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern
part of Nigeria …………………………………………………………… - 162
4321 The impact of Library services on students’ welfare………………… 162
4322 Impact of classrooms, laboratories, field trips and workshops on
students’ welfare………………………………………………………… - 165
4323 The impact and influence of information Technology services on
students’ welfare………………………………………………………… 168
433 The impact and influence of Medical or Health services on students’
welfare in Universities in three geopolitical zones in
Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………………………… 171
434 The impact and influence of Environmental services on students’
welfare in Universities in three geopolitical zones in
Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………………………… 175
44 Strategies for effective Management of students’ welfare in
Universities in three geopolitical zones in Northern part
of Nigeria ………………………………………………………………… - 178
45 Hypotheses Testing……………………………………………………… 184
451 Null Hypothesis 1………………………………………………………… 185
452 Null Hypothesis 2………………………………………………………… 187
453 Null Hypothesis 3………………………………………………………… 188
454 Null Hypothesis 4………………………………………………………… 190
455 Null Hypothesis 5………………………………………………………… 192
456 Null Hypothesis 6………………………………………………………… 194
457 Null Hypothesis 7………………………………………………………… 196
458 Null Hypothesis 8………………………………………………………… 199
459 Null Hypothesis 9………………………………………………………… 201
4510 Null Hypotheses 10……………………………………………………… 202
4511 Null Hypothesis 11……………………………………………………… 204
4512 Null Hypothesis 12……………………………………………………… 206
4513 Null Hypothesis 13……………………………………………………… 208
4514 Null Hypothesis 14……………………………………………………… 210
4515 Null Hypothesis 15……………………………………………………… 212
4516 Null Hypothesis 16……………………………………………………… 214
4517 Null Hypothesis 17……………………………………………………… 216
4518 Null Hypothesis 18……………………………………………… - - 218
4519 Null Hypothesis 19……………………………………………………… 219
4520 Null Hypothesis 20……………………………………………………… 221
of Nigeria ……………………………………………………………………… 240
4612 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Transport Services
on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………………… 241
4613 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Religious Services
on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………… 241
4614 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Banking and
Telecommunications services on Students’ Welfare……………… - 242
4615 Opinions of Respondents on the Impact of Library Services on
Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical
zones in Northern part of Nigeria …,,,,,……………………………… 242
4616 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Classrooms Lecture
Halls, Laboratories, Workshops and Field Work on Students’
Welfare Services in Universities in three geopolitical
zones in the Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………… 243
4617 Opinions of respondents on the impact of Information Technology
on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three geopolitical
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………………… 243
4618 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Medical and Health
Services on students’ welfare in Universities in three Geo-
Political zones in Northern Part of Nigeria………………………… 244
4619 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Environmental
Services on Students’ Welfare in Universities in three
geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………… - 244
4620 Opinions of respondents on the effects of the perceived strategies
for effective management of students’ services in Universities
in three geopolitical zones in Northern
part of Nigeria ………………………………………………………… 245
47 Summary……………………………………………………………… - 245
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
51 Summary of Findings…………………………………………………… 247
511 The Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect
of Social Services in universities in three geopolitical zones in
Northern part of Nigeria………………………………………………… 248
512 The Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect
of Academic Service in Universities in three geopolitical
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………………………… 248
513 The Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect
of Medical Health Services in Universities in three
geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria ………………… 248
514 Types and Availability of Students’ Welfare Services in Respect of
Environmental Services in Universities in three geopolitical
zones in Northern part of Nigeria ……………………………………… 249
515 Opinions of Respondents on impacts of Diverse Students’ Welfare
Services on Students’ welfare in Universities in three
geopolitical zones in Northern part of Nigeria …………… - ………… 249
5151 Opinions of Respondents on Impact of Feeding………………… 249
5152 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Hostel Accommodation… 250
5153 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Guidance and
Counselling…………………………………………………………… 250
5154 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Sports and Recreations… 251
5155 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Security and
Communication……………………………………………………… 252
5156 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Transportation Services - 252
5157 Opinions of Respondents on impact of Religious Services……… 253
5158 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Banking and
Telecommunication Services……………………………………… - 254
5159 Opinions of Respondents on impact of library services………… 254
51510 Opinion of Respondents on the impact of Classrooms,
Lecture Halls, Laboratories Workshops and Field Trips Services 254
51511 Opinion of Respondents on the impact and influence of
Information Technology Services…………………………………… 255
51512 Opinions of Respondents on the impact of Medical/Health
Services……………………………………………………………… 255
51513 Opinion of Respondents on the impact of Environmental
Services……………………………………………………………… 256
51514 Opinions of Respondents on Perceived Strategies for
Effective Management of Students Welfare Services in the
Universities in the three geopolitical zones in the Northern
part of Nigeria ………………………………………………………… 256
52 Conclusions………………………………………………………………… 257
53 Recommendations………………………………………………………… 259
531 Suggested Model for Students’ Welfare Services in the Nigerian
Universities system ……………………………………………………… 260
54 Recommendations for further Research……………………………… - 264
References………………………………………………………………… 265
Appendix A - Questionnaire……………………………………… 278
Appendix B - Exhibits on advertisement for sale of bedspaces by
Students……………………………………………… 295
Appendix C - Krejcie And Morgan’s Table For Determining
Sample Size………………………………………… 304
