NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF SPORTS NEWS IN NIGERIA: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF VANGUARD AND NATION NEWSPAPERS

By

EZEGBUDO CHIAMAKA .L.

Presented To

Department of Mass Communication

ABSTRACT

The issue of news coverage in Nigeria has generated interest from all works of life. Argument arise as a result of what is considered inadequate coverage of sports news by Nigerian newspaper. This study analyze the contents of two Nigeria dailies - Vanguard and Nation newspapers with the aim of finding how far they have gone in the coverage of sports events in Nigeria. Content analysis method was used to select a representative size of 48 issues of the newspapers from a target population of 315 using a simple random sampling technique. Coding sheet was used as the instrument of data collection, just as tables and simple percentage were used for presentation and analysis of data. Research findings show that Nigerian newspapers do not give adequate coverage to sports news. The study concludes that, newspapers should allot more pages to reporting sports. Hence recommends that sports news stories should be given prominent display in Nigerian newspapers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page i

Dedication ii

Acknowledgement iii

Table of content iv

Abstract v

CHAPTER ONE

10 Introduction 1

11 Background of the study 1

12 Statement of problems 5

13 Objective of the study 6

14 Significant of the study 7

15 Research questions 8

16 Limitation of the study 8

17 Scope of the Study 9

18 Definition of Terms 9

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW 11

21 Literature Review 11

22 Trends in Newspaper Coverage of Sports in Nigeria 14

23 An overview of Nigeria Sports 22

24 Problems of Nigerian Sports 24

25 Roles of the Press in Tacking the Problem 27

26 Theoretical Framework 29

27 Summary of literature review 32

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOOGY 33

Introduction

31 Research design and Method of study 33

32 Population of the study 33

33 Design of the study 23

34 Sampling techniques 36

35 Instrument for Data collection 36

36 Validation and reliability of Data Source 36

37 Method of Data analysis 37

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation, Analysis and discussion 38

41 Data presentation and analysis 38

42 Discussion of findings 44

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and Recommendations 47

51 Summary of findings 47

52 Conclusion 48

53 Recommendations 50

54 Area of further study 52

References 53

CHAPTER ONE

10 INTRODUCTION

11 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This academic work is based on the impact of effective compensation on the employees performance in Onitsha Cotton Mill Limited, Anambra State, Nigeria apparently, there are different needed among employees that must be achieved through compensation received It is very pertinent that organizations should strive hard to effectively compensate their workers for motivational reasons which will help in the achievement of organizational goals and objectives

The study falls within personnel management and personnel management according to Flippo 1986 is defined as the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and separation of human resources at the end tht individual organizational and societal objectives are accomplished

It can also be defined as money received for the work performance plus other kinds of benefits and services that the organizations provide for their employees, compensation is recompense, reward, wage or salary given by an organization to person or a group of persons in return to work done, service rendered or a contribution made toward achievement or organizational goal

BRIEF HISTORY OF GENERAL COTTON MILL LIMITED ONITSHA, ANAMBRA STATE

General Cotton Mill Limited, Onitsha anambra State is a textile manufacturing company that is known with the sales of textile and textile products

The company was incorporated on the 10^th April, 1964 RC 3782, located at Niger bridge Industrial Layout, Onitsha and also has one of its branches at Bloc 4A, Apapa lane, Dolphin Estate Ikoyi, Lagos, having Chief Nolla O Edun as its chairman, RNW lee (US citizen) as its MD / CEO and also FA Enechukwu-Deputy managing director

It is a textile company offering composite textile Mill producing African prints, or fabric materials with spinning, weaving, and printing division producing cotton yarn with a good number of employees at its service

Cotton as a resources is a miracle fibre that has been spun, woven and dyed since ancient times and it is still the most widely used fibre clothing, it is soft and fluffy, and grows in a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant Cotton can be used for many products like: clothes, beddings, tabletops, furniture's and even arts etc

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL COTTON MILL LIMITED

According to the structure

R & D centre (Research and Development)

They are in-charge of studying and adopting new technologies, innovation, development of new kinds of production, new methods of production and quality control

Sales department: Their work consists of organizing production sales, attraction of new buyers and partner registration of export operations, contracts on local markets control of shipment and delivery of goods / contained

Purchasing department: they provide purchases from the local and foreign markets, declarations and also registration of import contracts and customs documents

Financial and Accounting department: They handle the registration of financial operations, accounting report, production cost, payment system, vouchers, bank operations, payment forms, delivery of salary and works with plastic cards

Corporate Planning department: These are the department in charge of planning and organization of company projects, works with company werb-site, public relation, making of business plan (statistics) organization of charitable actions and company events

Cotton purchasing department (Cotton Team): They do the

Identification and selecting of raw materials of the best quality for further production Conclusion of raw materials delivery contract

Personnel and salary departments: They provide the process of salary calculation, registration of salary documentation, the conclusion and the termination of labour contracts, wages ratifying, personnel selection also

Tashkent office: Realization of export transactions, attraction of new potential partners and clients, control on registration of export documents and shipments, ie delivery of production and payment of all shipment carried out by the collective of the Tashkent office

The study with the departments has a total population of (900) workers in general cotton mill Nigeria Limited Onitsha

12 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Certain conditions or factors can make workers to perform effectively or ineffectively on their jobs It has been observed that a number of factors seems to be responsible for job dissatisfaction among workers They includes lack of interest in the jobs poor salaries poor conditions of service and lack of fringe benefits

General Cotton Mill Limited workers tend to be affected by the factors enumerated above It has also been observed that as a result of lack of compensation as a motivational factors there is growing shortage and loss of competent hands in general cotton Mill Limited Onitsha in particular In the study, on the effect of compensation on the performance of workers in Onitsha Cotton Mill Limited Anambra in particular tends to find out what compensation service have to do in motivating workers

This study is faced with the problems of finding out the importance of compensation to workers but equal knowing how adequate is that compensation towards effort workers are putting towards achieving the organizational objectives, therefore, this study has on the performance of workers on business organization

13 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The core purpose of the study is to point out some of those things that could aid compensation if the organization wants to achieve it's set goals and objectives

1 Identify factors in the organizational structure that could affect managerial effectiveness

2 To determine whether there is problem in the design of the department within the organization

3 To find out if the level of education of subordinate influence the way a manager structures his department

4 To identify the links between the above variable and the manager degree of effectiveness in meeting up the objectives he is expected to achieve

5 To structure out ways in which managers can work towards achieving a better compensation is unfair or inadequate

Finally, attention should be given to the topic if the organization wants to achieve it's goal and objectives

14 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings from this staudy would serve as good reference material to educationist It would serve as a good material for people studying human relation as it affected by compensation It would be a good reference material to those in the research institutes that would be futue practicing managers in piloting the affairs of the organization It would also serve as a good materials for policy makers to help improve their subsequent policy formulations and planning

The employees themselves would also find this study very useful This would not only give them idea on what to expect management to do for them, but it would serve as guide enable them strive toward a greater performance as it would be in a position to compensate them adequately

15 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1 What is compensation?

2 Are compensation given to workers adequate ?

3 Does compensation help to retain your ends period of time?

4 Is your pay in the organization commensurate to your productivity performance

5 Does the promotion system in the organization inspire to higher productivity?

6 Do the management provide adequate transport?

16 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In order to carry out their study, the following scope have been formulated the help to generate data required for analysis

When employees receive basic compensation, as equitable, hey increase their peformcne if not they will not

When management gives to he workers the incentive they will increase their performance, if not, they will not

17 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Management: This is the process fo planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the effort of an organization members, making use of organization resources to achieve its objectives As postulated by Edward Flippo

Reward: This is a system that consists of an organization integrated policies process and practices for rewarding its employees in accordance with their contribution skills competence and their market worth

Compensation: Compensation may be defined as money or any kind of benefits received for the performance of work

Motivation: It is the inner drives that arouse direct and maintain an individual behaviour toward accomplishing a goals

Organization: This is a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals

Promotion: This is a cause, venture or aim activity that supports or encourages

Adequate: As much as or as good as necessary for some requirement or purpose fully sufficient, suitable etc

Strategy: The basic goal and objective of action chosen to reach those goals and objective and the allocation necessary for carrying out those goals

Planning: This is the process of thinking about an organization, the activities required to achieve a desired goal

Productivity: Is an average measure of the efficiency of production a measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system, etc