THE IMPACT OF OFFICE ERGONOMICS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
(A CASE STUDY OF THE GHANA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (GNPC))
By
Author
Presented To
Department of Business Administration and Management
ABSTRACT
Office ergonomics is a widely acceptable means of providing an enabling environment that best
facilitates employees’ performance and general productivity. This study sought to find out the
impact of office ergonomics on employee performance using the Ghana National Petroleum
Corporation (GNPC) as a case study. The objectives of the study were to analyze the office
design, finishes and furnishing of the head office building of GNPC, identify ergonomic features
in the design, finishes and furnishing in terms of their suitability and comfort of the employees,
assess the impact of office ergonomics on the performance of GNPC employees at the Petroleum
House in Tema and finally propose specific ergonomically based interventions that would
address employee health, comfort and wellbeing and thereby enhance optimum performance.
The study was based on a sample of 88 GNPC staff randomly drawn from various departments
and units at the Petroleum House, as well as 10 senior managers. Data for the study obtained
mainly from the administration of questionnaires was analyzed quantitatively using the SPSS and
Microsoft Excel and presented with the aid of frequency distributions, pie charts, tables, pictures
and graphs. The research identified considerable office ergonomic deficiencies which included
uninspiring and old-fashioned office design and décor (largely cellular offices), use of dark
wooden partitions resulting in poorly illuminated offices, and continuous use of un-ergonomic
furniture at the Petroleum House. The study also confirmed that the ergonomic deficiencies have
had varying adverse effects on the performance of GNPC employees by between 20-80 percent.
The study recommends the relocation of the GNPC head office to a new modern facility
designed and furnished to suit the peculiar needs of the Corporation. The development and
operation of a Real Estate Policy that leverages on the workplace environment to attract, retain
and boost employee performance has also been recommended.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii
ABSTRACT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iii
DEDICATION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v
LIST OF PLATES AND TABLES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - viii
LIST OF FIGURES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x
CHAPTER ONE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
11 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
12 PROBLEM STATEMENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6
13 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
14 RESEARCH QUESTIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
15 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9
16 RELEVANCE AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH - - - - - - - - - 9
17 ORGANISATION OF THE THESIS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
CHAPTER TWO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11
LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11
21 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11
22 WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12
23 KEY ELEMENTS IN THE OFFICE ENVIRONMENT - - - - - - - - - - - 12
24 ERGONOMICS AND BRANCHES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
25 OFFICE ERGONOMICS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17
251 DIMENSIONS OF OFFICE ERGONOMICS - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18
26 THE CONCEPT OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE - - - - - - - - - - - - 20
261 FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE - - - - - - - - - 21
27 RELEVANCE OF WORKPLACE ERGONOMICS - - - - - - - - - - - - 23
28 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
CHAPTER THREE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
31 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
32 TYPE OF RESEARCH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
33 SOURCES OF DATA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27
34 TARGET POPULATION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27
35 SAMPLING - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
36 DATA COLLECTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
37 DATA ANALYSIS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29
38 OVERVIEW OF THE GHANA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION - - - - - 29
CHAPTER FOUR - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31
41 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31
42 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS - - - - - - - 31
43 OFFICE DESIGN, FINISHES AND FURNISHING AT GNPC PETROLEUM HOUSE - - 32
44 ERGONOMIC FEATURES IN THE DESIGN, FINISHES AND FURNISHING OF THE
WORKPLACE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35
441 OFFICE DESIGN AND DÉCOR - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36
442 OFFICE FURNITURE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37
443 OFFICE ILLUMINATION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39
444 NOISE LEVEL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40
445 ROOM TEMPERATURE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41
446 OFFICE EQUIPMENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42
447 WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43
45 IMPACT OF OFFICE ERGONOMICS ON PERFORMANCE OF GNPC EMPLOYEES - - 44
46 ERGONOMICALLY BASED INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS EMPLOYEE HEALTH,
COMFORT, WELLBEING AND PERFORMANCE - - - - - - - - - - - - - 51
47 DISCUSSIONS OF FINDINGS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52
CHAPTER FIVE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - - - - - - 55
51 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55
52 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55
53 CONCLUSION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57
54 RECOMMENDATIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57
REFERENCES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60
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