ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SOME GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) GENOTYPES USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
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Department of Agricultural Science
ABSTRACT
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An investigation was carried out with Fifty (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes to assess the genetic diversity for yield and yield related traits. i.e. plant height, canopy spread, number of branches, number of pods per plant, pod yield shelling percentage etc. The experiment was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) research Farm Samaru Zaria in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The Ward’s Method using Squared Euclidian distance technique was used for the analysis. The genotypes were evaluated for nine traits which include (plant height, canopy spread, number of branches, number of pods per plant, pod yield etc.) and showed wide variability for the components studied. Positive correlation was observed between plant height, canopy spread and yield. The cluster analysis grouped the fifty Groundnut genotypes into eight different clusters. This indicates the presence of wide diversity among the tested genotypes. The cluster analysis grouped the fifty Groundnut genotypes into eight different clusters. This indicates the presence of wide diversity among the tested genotypes. From cluster mean values, genotypes in cluster 1, 2, 3 and 4 deserve consideration for their direct use as parents in hybridization programs to develop high yielding Groundnut varieties. The genotypes in cluster 5 may be used for improvement and other desirable characters other than grain yield. The result of the principal components analysis revealed that four principal components (PC1 to PC4) accounted nearly 76.92 % of the total variation. It was also noted that differentiation of genotypes into different clusters was because of the small contribution of few character rather than the cumulative effect of a number of characters.
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