THE EFFECT OF PETROLEUM BY-PRODUCTS (FUEL AND KEROSENE) ON THE HAEMOGLOBIN OF AFRICAN CAT FISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)

By

UDEAJA ONYINYECHUKWU GOODNESS

Presented To

Department of Science Laboratory Technology

ABSTRACT
The effects of petroleum by-products (fuel and kerosene) on the hematology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was studied. Ten juvenile fishes were introduced in each aquarium, and  held for 24hours in the laboratory, inside these aquaria, filled with 10 litres of unchlorinated well water. After 24hours, fuel and  kerosene (500ml each) were introduced in each of the aquaria, while the third was used as control. Packed cell volume (PCV) values of the fish in fuel was 28.66+7.10a and was found lower than that in kerosene which was 29.67+ 71a . Hb reported in this study were 10.33+0.62a and 10.92 +0.51a  for the fish in fuel and kerosene respectively.  White blood cell recorded during this study was 188.98+4.88a and 190.01+ 3.20a  for fish in fuel and kerosene respectively are lower in control which was 290 +2.78a. Red blood cell values obtained from the fish in kerosene (2.96 +022a) in this study was higher than that observed in fish in fuel (2.42 +0.12a .The Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) values observed in this study (117.68+ 4.83a   and  120.20+ 2.01a) for the fish in fuel and kerosene respectively are lower than the control 132.20 +3.82a (fl). Mean cell haemoglobin values observed in this study were 42.65+1.99a  and 45.41 +0.02a for the fish in fuel and kerosene respectively. The higher lymphocytes (190.71 +5.23a) was observed in C. gariepinus  in than the fish in fuel which has lymphocyte level of  185.65+5.13a  these two compared to the control which has lymphocytes of 210.33 +7.05. However, all the blood parameters of fish species recorded during this study were within the healthy ranges for fish but suggest that morality depends on concentration.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page                                        i
Approval                                         ii
Certificate                                     iii
Dedication                                     iv
Acknowledgement                                 v
Table of contents                                 vi
List of table                                     viii
Abstract                                         x

CHAPTER ONE
1.0    Introduction                           
1.1   Background of studies                    
1.2  Statement of problem                      
1.3  Objective of the study                       
1.4  Significance of study                         
1.5  Limitation of the study                    

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review                             
2.1 The African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)       
2.2  Eco¬nomic im¬por¬tance  of african catfish for hu¬mans    
2.3  Petrochemicals                              
2.4  Sources of petrochemical spill on aquatic Environment                              
2.5  Toxicity of petrochemicals(petrol) on  fish         
2.6  Haematological examination of the effect of petroleum by-products     on african catfish

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and method                           

3.1  Materials used for the experiment               
3.2  Methods of sample collection                  
3.3  Method sample analysis                       

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation And Analysis Of Result               

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0    Discussion, Conclusion and recommendation        
5.1    Discussion                                
5.2    Conclusion                                
5.3    Recommendation                            
Reference                                    


LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:    Blood profile of the Juvenile catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to fuel, kerosene and the control.

About E-Project Material Centre


E-Project Material Centre is a web service aimed at successfully assisting final year students with quality, well researched, reliable and ready made project work. Our materials are recent, complete (chapter 1 to Minimum of Chapter 5, with references) and well written.INSTANT ACCESS! INSTANT DOWNLOAD. Simply select your department, choose from our list of topics available and explore your data

Why Students Love to Use E-Project Material ?


Guaranteed Delivery Getting your project delivered on time is essential. You cannot afford to turn in your project past the deadline. That is why you must get your project online from a company that guarantees to meet your deadline. e-Project Topics Material Centre is happy to offer instant delivery of projects listed on our website. We can handle just about any deadline you send our way. Satisfaction Guaranteed We always do whatever is necessary to ensure every customer's satisfaction

Disclaimer


E-Project Topics Material Centre will only provide projects as a reference for your research. The projects ordered and produced should be used as a guide or framework for your own project. The contents of the projects should be able to help you in generating new ideas and thoughts for your own project. It is the aim of e-Project Topics Centre to only provide guidance by which the projects should be pursued. We are neither encouraging any form of plagiarism nor are we advocating the use of the projects produced herein for cheating.

Terms and Condition


Using our service is LEGAL and IS NOT prohibited by any university/college policies You are allowed to use the original model papers you will receive in the following ways:
  • As a source for additional understanding of the subject
  • As a source for ideas for you own research (if properly referenced)
  • For PROPER paraphrasing ( see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase) Direct citing ( if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the authors copyright
X

Need Help Finding or Downloading Your Project Material?

If you don't see the topic you're looking for or You need urgent/express attention, click the WhatsApp Icon/link below to contact ADMIN and get the material you need instantly. We are always available online to attend to your needs. Thanks