This study evaluates the cardio protactive effect of N-hexane extract of Desmodium Velutinum stem on albino wister rat. Rats used in this study were grouped into four and each group was fed differentely. Rats in group one, three, and four wre fed with the aid of a syringe without needle with 6ml of the lipoprotein food mixture containing 3.6g of the cow’s brain twice a day for seven days. Rats on group two was fed with only grower’s mash and water for seven days; rats in group three was later administered orally 2ml of dissolved vasoprin drug once in a day for 3 days. Rats in group four were also administered orally 0.5ml of the liquid drug extract of Desmodium Velutinum stem once a day for 3 days. During these three (3) days, the rats were given grower’s mash and water. After the feeding period, the rate fed with the cow’s brain showed a significant increases in the activities of marker enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CKMB), Aspartatatranseaminase (AST), Alaninetransminase (ALT), and lactatedehydrogenase. This study shows that N-hexane extract of Desmodium Velutinum stem posses cardio protective effect on albino wister rats than the known drug (vasoprin) if only one can increase the dosage of the extract for a period of time.

TABLE 1-------. 43

TABLE 2------- 44

TABLE 3------- 44

FIGURE 1-------- 19

Title page---------i

Approval page---------ii

Dedication--------iii

Acknowledgement---------.iv

Abstract---------v

List of tables and figures-------vi

Table of Content--------ix

1.0 Introduction--------.---1

Literature review---------4

2.0. The heart----------4

2.0.1. Cardiovascular disorder-------.--.6

2.0.2 Diseases Associated with Cardiovascular-----.--7

2.0.3 Some of the risk factor for cardiovascular disorder--.---9

2.1. Causes of cardiovascular disorder----.--10

2.1.1 Symptoms of cardiovascular disorder-------14

2.2 Pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular disorder-----16

2.3 Medicinal plant--------.-.17

2.4 Description of Desmodium Velutinum-----18

2.4.1 Taxonomy of Desmodium Velutium-----.19

2.4.2 Uses of Desmodium Velutium---------20

2.5 Lipoprotein Metabolism in the heart--------21

2.5.1 Classifications of lipoprotein------.22

2.5.2 Danger of high cholesterol level------.24

2.6 Phytochemicals analysis------.25

2.7 Heart Marker----------26

2.7.1 Types of cardiac Marker-----.--26

3.0 Material and Methods--------31

3.1 Identification and extraction of plant material----33

3.2 Hot continuous percolation method------.34

3.3 Phytochemical analysis-------34

3.4 Experimental Animal model-----------------.37

3.5 Collection of blood sample------.-.38

3.6 Enzyme profile Analysis------------39

4.0 Results ---------43

4.1 Quantitative Analysis--------43

4.2 Qualitative Phytochemical-------44

4.3 Heart Marker Enzymes of Rats Fed With Various Sample--.44

5.0 Discussion---------46

5.1 Conclusion---------49